95 



and abdomen the posterior pair of legs and feet was used, the same 

 ludicrous motion- being made in the operation. As illustrating tin- 

 tenacity of life in thi- species, an individual was observed at 6.30 a. m. 

 with abdomen, wings, and one posterior leg gone, but it continued to 

 survive in this badly crippled condition until 9 a. m. of the same day. 



Anosia plexippus Fab. certainly migrated southward across Illinois 

 in swarms during September. Looking out from my library window 

 in Urbana, 111., at 3 p. m.. September L2, I saw hundred- of tl - 

 butterflies winging their way hither and yon. seeming to be gathering 

 together in the tree tops. The wind was brisk from the northwest, 

 temperature 55 c F.. and the sun -Inning unobscured. Light frost 

 during night of 12th, and it was not until about 9 a. m. of the 13th 

 that the butterflie- began to appear. They were, or seemed to be. 

 flying aimlessly about, but by 10 a. m. they had all disappeared, though 

 I was unable to witness their going, on account of other duties. 

 Swarm- of these butterflies were reported at Milledgeville, Carroll 

 County, about 160 miles to the northwest, on the 9th, and. later, at 

 Hoopston. to the northeast. The fact of a migration was shown by 

 the continued occurrence of these butterflies in their usual number- in 

 this same locality during the rest of the month. 



Aphis mali Fitch. Usually, this is not a serious pest of the apple, 

 and in some cases it is really more of a pest of the wheat held than of 

 the orchard. In the State experiment orchard at Orleans, in Indiana. 

 late in October. I had an opportunity of seeing just what the pest was 

 capable of doing among very young apple tree-. At that time there 

 were but few of the aphis on the young tree- and these few were 

 mostly confined to the tips of the twig- where these had not already 

 been killed. In most case-, however, the little new growth that had 

 been put forth was devoid of healthy leaves, only stunted and dried 

 foliage and -terns remaining. The row- of young tree- looked as 

 though some one had weeks before passed along with a lighted torch 

 and scorched them, killing the new leaves and tender growth of twigs. 

 Just what this would mean in an experimental orchard of very young 

 trees can only be fully understood by those who have been engaged in 

 such work. 



The Hessian fly. notwithstanding it- abundance in volunteer wh 

 has affected only the earlier-sown wheat. All over southern Indiana 

 and Illinois there i- ample proof that September-sown wheat invites 

 the attack of the fly. and that wheat -own in these localities after the 

 first week of October will, as a rule, suffer little from the attack of 

 this pest in the fall. Intelligent fanner- are now watching the season 

 as well a- the fly, and timing their sowing to tit these condition-. 



I do not recall that attention has been drawn to the fact that the red 

 rust of wheat i- much more Liable to attack fly-infested plant- in the 

 fall than those not thus affected. In the fall <^\ L900 all earlv-sown 



