Gl 



about noon, whereas in the mornings and evenings the foliage would 

 be crowded with them. Happening one day, while standing under an 

 apple tree, to detach a loose scale of the bark I was surprised to find 

 more than a dozen of the worms on the under side stretched out side 

 by side in a close cluster. An examination of the bark revealed the 

 fact that almost every scale harbored a larger or smaller company of 

 the worms. ^N"or was there any evidence of their having sought these 

 retreats merely for the purpose of molting, as they were of all sizes and 

 ages, and besides an examination a few hours later disclosed them rap- 

 idly looping themselves up into the tree, as though in haste to begin 

 their nightly banquet. Observation for several successive days estab- 

 lished the fact of their habitual desertion of the foliage during the hot- 

 test hours of the day and of their return to it as evening approached. 

 As the infested trees had not been smoothed for some time, and the 

 trunks were rather "shaggy," advantage was taken of this discovery to 

 have them cleaned about noonda3 T and thousands of the sluggish worms 

 were thus scraped off with the scales of bark and burned. 



The Codling Moth was more than usually destructive to the apple 

 crop throughout the West, destroying in many localities fully 75 per 

 cent, of the fruit, aud in not one orchard in a hundred were any meas- 

 ures taken to destroy the pest or prevent its spread. 



The Broad-necked Hoot-borer (Prionits laticolUs, Drury) proved con- 

 siderably destructive to 3'oung nursery stock in some parts of the State. 

 hi some sections of young apple trees sent me it was found to have 

 worked up into the trunk for a distance of 4 or 5 iuches. 



Leaf-hoppers of various kinds were noticeably abundant during mid- 

 summer. Of these, two species of Fulgorids, Flata conic((, Say, and 

 Poecilopter a pruinosa, Say, attracted much attention on shrubs and 

 herbaceous plants, some of which were seriously injured by them. 



The former species I observed chiefly on Osage Orange and Lilac. 

 The larvae are scarcely distinguishable from those of P. pruinosa, being 

 of the same bug-like form and greenish- white color and thickly cov- 

 ered and surrounded by the white-tufted, sweetish secretion peculiar to 

 the group. The pupae of the two species differ widely, that of pruinosa 

 retaining the pale color and flattened form of the larva and continuing 

 to cover itself with the fibrous exudation. The pupae of F. conica, on the 

 contrary, assume an angular, humped, somewhat beech-nut-like form, a 

 grayish-brown color, and a more horny texture, while the white secretion 

 is limited to two feathery tufts at the tail. The perfect insect of this 

 species is a deep yellow-green, and with its broad moth like wings and 

 crimson eyes it is a beautiful object. It is always gregarious, but es- 

 pecially so in its perfect state, and I have often s^^n shoots of the 

 Osage Orange crowded with this insect ranged in close ranks for a dis- 

 tance of 18 inches or U feet and presenting a most unique and not unat- 

 tractive appearance. The pruinosa species is somewhat smaller and is 



