20 BULLETIN NO. 4, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. 



fore stated, they do little injury now, and the danger seems small. One 

 gentleman informed me that there were only a few larvae on his bog 

 and he was rather sorry, as there were not enough to experiment with - 3 

 I visited his bog a day or two afterward and found larvae pretty evenly 

 distributed over the bog, but doing no great damage. Some time after- 

 ward they had all disappeared, and the gentleman was jubilant. He 

 was correct; they had gone — into the pupa state. The moths emerged, 

 and in due time the second brood of larvae. I did not thereafter hear 

 any complaint of lack of insects to experiment with. 



To return. It is at this time that they must be attacked, and best of 

 all with kerosene ; this will penetrate through and saturate the leaves, 

 and, if liberally and carefully applied, will kill by far the greater part of the 

 larvae. The kerosene emulsion should be made with two parts kerosene 

 to one part sour milk, and churned with a force pump ; the " aquapult" or 

 " Lewis" will answer. If the milk is heated and the vessel containing the 

 kerosene warmed, ten or twelve minutes, and sometimes less, of churning 

 will suffice to complete the emulsifying process, and the result will be a 

 soft butter which will mix perfectly with water ; it should be dissolved 

 with a small amount of water, and then any desired quantity may be 

 added; the most effective proportion for this insect at this stage is ten 

 parts of water to one part of the emulsion. This will not hurt the vines, 

 and should be applied thoroughly, with a syringe or a pump with a 

 sprinkler attachment, if possible. A second application a week later 

 might be advisable to reach any larvae that had afterwards hatched or 

 previously escaped. If the water has been drawn off gradually the 

 larvae will continue to hatch for as many days as the water occupied in 

 receding, and the same number of days is gained in combating them. 



Another plan would be not to await the hatching of the larvae, but 

 immediately after drawing the water and ascertaining the presence of 

 living eggs, to apply Paris green mixed with cheap rye flour, while the 

 vines are wet with dew or rain, and thus poison the food the young larvae 

 will be compelled to subsist on. No danger of poisoning the berries is 

 to be apprehended at this stage, but perhaps the former plan is as cer- 

 tain in results; it is entirely without danger, and therefore preferable. 

 A few larvae will probably escape and pass into the chrysalis state, which 

 they do usually on the ground among the rubbish. It is now necessary 

 to watch for the first appearance of the moths, and as fast as they ap- 

 pear they should be caught with hand-nets ; the time will be between 

 the 1st and 15th of June, usually about the 10th. I noticed that the 

 first moths that emerged were males ; three evenings I caught speci- 

 mens, and all were males. Dr. Brakeley had been in the habit of using 

 a rather cumbrous machine mounted on wheels to catch the moths, and 

 the first evening of using this all that I examined of the captures were 

 males. On June 9 I found the first female, and found the same evening 

 male and female in coitu. The female I dissected, and found the eggs 

 still immature ; later I caught and confined several females, and in all 



