46 BULLETIN NO. 4, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. 



dry they were clear of liviDg lice, but on the ground they were every- 

 where crawling, making their way into crevices. 



Thus far the excerpts from my notes. 



I remained for a few days longer, until picking was over and the lice 

 had disappeared, most of them destroyed, no doubt, by the deprivation 

 of food and the numerous enemies, in the way of predaceous larvae and 

 small beetles of the Tachys group, which were everywhere abundant in 

 the yards; but a large number of fully-matured forms, apterous and 

 winged, no doubt found winter quarters. As several persons claimed 

 to have found the lice on the poles in spring, I examined many poles 

 after they had been stacked. Where the yard had been but recently 

 picked, lice were found on the outside, in the crevices, and under the 

 bark. In yards that had been picked and the poles stacked two weeks 

 or more, very few were found, and they far in the crevices and fissures ^ 

 none under the bark or in the crevices of the bark. The probability is 

 that but few winter in the poles. 



A brief resume of the results of my investigations is this: The lice are 

 found in the ground as early as March (Clark); they are seen shortly 

 after on the very young shoots scarcely above ground (Gridley); then 

 on the young vines not more tnan three or four feet high, apterous and 

 winged (Jenks). They disappear early in June, for notwithstanding 

 close search I failed to find any, nor could I learn of any having been 

 then seen. In July, about the middle or toward the end of the month, 

 single apterous individuals appear on the lower leaves ; these produce 

 living young, which are also apterous, and in two or three days also pro- 

 duce like young ; this continues until the weather becomes cold, and then 

 winged individuals appear. When the hops are picked, the fully devel- 

 oped individuals enter the ground, crevices on poles, and probably 

 other sheltered situations. In the early part of the season the results 

 are all viviparous female's; early in September winged individuals begin 

 to appear. 



As to the mode in which they do their damage : Numerous as they 

 become, did they only attack the leaves or stems of the plant the 

 abundant vitality of the plant would still ripen the hops, though they 

 might not be quite so full ; but not satisfied with the leaves they go into 

 the hop, i. e., iuto the burr, and there puncture the delicate leaves; the 

 sap exudes, ferments, and a fungus attacks it — the hops mold, become 

 specked, lose vitality, and finally decay. Not always do the lice enter 

 the hop ; sometimes they have been very abundant and yet hops have 

 not suffered, because the insects confined their attacks to the leaves* 

 Dry, hot weather will keep them out of the hop, and will somewhat 

 retard their increase. Hot, moist weather, or rainy weather with cold 

 spells, will in the one case so favor their increase that they will cover 

 the whole vine ; and in the other, while retarding their development,, 

 cause them to seek shelter in the hop itself. 



Nor are all varieties of hops equally affected by the vermin. " Hum- 



