82 BULLETIN NO. 4, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. 



new growth. Immense numbers were killed by keeping men constantly 

 going over the grove, shaking the trees, and killing all that fell on the 

 ground. The wingless individuals were readily killed, but the larger 

 number of the mature insects saved themselves by flight. This method 

 of destruction was kept up until the middle of December, by which 

 time very few were found. On very cold days the winged insects were 

 nearly dormant and could not fly. I have the trees frequently searched 

 now, but rarely find the bug. The number of the insects is incredible. 

 When thoroughly shaken, the ground under the trees would be alive 

 with the fallen insects, and two days later just as many would be found. 

 I despaired of getting rid of them until the cold weather commenced, 

 when I found the number rapidly decrease until their nearly total ex- 

 tinction. 



As to the damage. The bug first attacks the latest growth, which 

 wilts and droops while the bug is suckiug; in a few days the shoot is 

 dead ; the same eye soon sends out another shoot which shares the fate 

 of its predecessor, and so on until the eye has the appearance of a large 

 bunch, as you will see on twigs sent. After all the tender growth has 

 been destroyed the bug inserts his sharp sucking tube in the previous 

 growth which has nearly hardened. Here I can only give you the facts 

 and my theory ; it is a fact that the insect sucks such wood, but the 

 damage does not follow so quickly ; but very soon after, on such wood 

 known to be sucked, numerous bumps appear, which crack and exude 

 a sticky sap, white at first, but soon a rusty red, and hard. Later on 

 the insects suck the juice from fully-matured wood (an inch or more in 

 diameter); on this wood the bumps do not appear, but the same kind 

 of sticky sap exudes in tears, which soon harden and redden and are 

 what I understand by " red rust." That the cause and effect are strictly 

 true I can only surmise, but this much I and my men have seen: the in- 

 sects sucking the sap as stated and the branches where sucked having 

 the appearance described. In the winter months I have found clusters 

 of the bugs on the stocks of the buds, two inches in diameter, and always 

 an exudation of sap at these places, which I have never observed to 

 redden as in the instances stated above. Why this is so, and why the 

 insect leaves the more tender bud above to suck the sap from harder 

 wood nearer the roots, I can offer no suggestion. At first I was strongly 

 inclined to think that red rust was caused by soil-poisoning, but if so, 

 why is it that trees have grown for many years on the same soil and 

 never had this disease until the introduction of the Green Bug ? To 

 illustrate : When I bought this place ten years ago there was a field of 

 five acres which had been in partial cultivation several years, and on 

 which grew spontaneously the tomato and mustard plant, the two plants 

 on which the insects thrive the best. (At present I can only find the 

 insect on the mustard.) Since my purchase I have kept this field 

 constantly growing pea-vines, as well as the forty other acres which 

 I have in orange trees, thus giving every encouragement to the in- 



