46 BULLETIN NO. 3, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY. 



age in lifting, the descending part should preferably have a flexile joint 

 just below midway, to bend like a knee when the lift is made. Tbe upper 

 half of the descending pipe is rigidly continuous with the stiff parallel 

 part, forming therewith a bent angle, while the proximal end of the 

 parallel part is turned backward as a hollow tubular crank, having its 

 handle-end communicating with one of the radiating or slack hose pipes, 

 which alio w the stiff parts to be shifted laterally. By swinging the back - 

 ward crank-shaped part of the pipe over to a forward position, into a 

 catch, the hanging parts of the pipe are swung upward above the plants 

 and sustained there. This season two, three, and four of these crank - 

 ended pipes were tried, combined with the same bar. When the 

 horizontal part of such a pipe is short or not too heavy it will be shifted 

 laterally automatically by the trailing part by the method already 

 noticed ; but where the pipe is too heavy or rough to slide easily the 

 hand of the pumper must occasionally be used upon the proximal or 

 crank end to shove the pipe into such position as will suitably adjust 

 the nozzles to the rows. 



In the divergent arrangements thus indicated the shifting or lateral 

 adjustability is permitted by opening or shutting the angles between 

 the diverging tubes, and this is, in its operation, in some sense, analo- 

 gous to taking out and letting out slack in the connecting parts between 

 the nozzles. By a surplus amount of inflection or slack, by joint or other 

 flexibility, in a tube or tubes connecting the tops of any two neighbor- 

 ing pipes, whether right, left, or mesial, in a system, the two can be sep- 

 arated, approximated, or independently adjusted to the extent desired. 

 By tfiis method the stiff pieces sliding on the bar and supporting the 

 pipe-tops can be short, light, and arranged somewhat end to end, joined 

 in tandem order, with intermediate flexile crooks that may be extended 

 or shortened as operated by the automatic action of the trailing branch. 

 These tandem gangs of light, sliding segments for supporting or sup- 

 plying the tops of the pipes, have stood a satisfactory test in the cot- 

 ton this season. 



Such parts may also be arranged on bars having a slope backward 

 or downward, as on the A-frames, or other kinds of frames, or they can 

 be set in a somewhat zigzag manner on a cross-bar. This use of a 

 slope gives certain advantages, and characterizes some varieties of 

 apparatus closely related to that just noticed. In these, the pulling 

 of the downward pipe, by its gravitation or friction, causes its top 

 piece, which has an inclination to slide on the slope, to travel in a 

 diagonal direction along on the support and across the rows ; but work- 

 ing in opposition thereto is a pull-line or cord haying one end on a 

 winder near the hand of the pumper. Letting out the line allows the 

 pipe to travel farther along the slope, and winding it up draws the pipe 

 in the opposite direction. Thus any pipe at a distance can be easily 

 shifted and set at a point to suit by letting out or drawing the line. This 

 principle I have executed in three ways : In the first, the supply tube 



