38 
minations have been confirmed and his rather quaint English is quoted 
verbatim et literatim: 
There is no investigations of these insects in my country yet, I ever send a speci- 
men of this insects to Mr. 8. I. Kuwana, a Japanese student at the University of 
Stanford, California, and it was reported that that insect is San Jose scale, which 
remaind carelessly in my country. 
To my observation it lives not only on the branches of pears and apples, but on 
the barks of plum trees, Prunus communius Per., P. cerasus, L., P. persica var. vulgaris 
and wild Cydonia japonica Pers. (Rosa). But they do not flourish so much on the 
trees last mentioned as on the trees of pears and apples. Indeed its investigation is 
very poor in my country, its destructive power remained unascertained. I caught 
some of them and cultured carefully. On the 15th of April, male insects became 
pupa and in the last part of the month, they took wings and walked on the barks, 
and on the Ist of May I saw a bee, of which is supposed to be a parasite of this San 
Jose scale. Jam now investigation it. And it was observed that a genus of Cocci- 
nella Coleoptera devours it, so Coccinella is one of protective insects which destroy 
this enemy. 
There is, then, ample evidence to show that the San Jose scale at the 
present day occurs in Japan, and that it has been sent from that coun- 
try not only to America, but also to Australia. The fact remains, how- 
ever, that prior to 1897 the species was not found coming from Japan, 
although Mr. Craw had been at that time examining shipments of live 
plants from that country for some years. Were it not for the fact that 
we know the point of origin in this country to be on the grounds of a 
man who was an extensive importer of plants—viz, Mr. James Lick, of 
San Jose, Cal.; and were it not for the further fact that the spread of 
the insect has been so carefully studied and well recorded in America, 
there would be no more actual evidence that Japan is the original 
home of the San Jose scale than there would be in the minds of Euro- 
peans that America is its original home. European observers find San 
Jose scale on cuttings and fruit coming from America; we find the same 
thing on cuttings coming from Japan. The cases are identical, with the 
exception above noted. When we consider the very significant fact 
that Japanese importers have been getting from America apple cut- 
tings and buds, and pear cuttings and buds rather extensively in the 
past few years, and that many of these have come naturally from Cali- 
fornia, Oregon, and Washington, is it not, after the statement of the 
evidence which we have given, quite as reasonable to suppose that 
Japan received the San Jose scale from America as that America 
received it from Japan? Weare rather inclined to think that so far 
as mere evidence goes the first supposition is more reasonable than the 
second. We are of the opinion that the matter rests practically as it — 
did when our bulletin No. 3 was written. Japan may be the original 
home of the species on the theory suggested by Cockerell, that it may 
occur only in the higher regions and not on the seacoast. Iurther 
investigation must be made before any such statement should he 
accepted as the one quoted in our opening paragraph: ‘I have been 
able to prove almost conclusively that it came to us from Japan.” 
