34 
On June 29 all the wild figs left under the tented: tree and those on 
the outside tree, with the exception of one, were picked and hung in 
other wild fig trees upon which young fruits, presumably mammoni, 
were beginning to develop. On the 30th of June a most interesting 
discovery waS made. A tree 1,500 feet away from the tented tree was 
found bearing two caprifigs containing galls and male insects. 
About the middle of July Mr. Roeding found Smyrna figs which had 
been fertilized by the Blastophaga. By July 19 not only was the dif- 
ference between these figs and the unfertilized Smyrna figs most strik- 
ing, but the difference between them and those which had been arti- 
ficially pollinated was also very marked. The unfertilized Smyrna fig 
is hollow, can easily be squeezed together by the fingers, and drops to 
the ground before it is more than three-fourths of an inch In diameter. 
The figs which Dr. Eisen and Mr. Roeding have been able to artificially 
fertilize by collecting pollen from the caprifigs and introducing it into 
the orifice of the Smyrna fig by means of a toothpick or blowpipe 
become rather firm, and on reaching maturity contain many ripe seeds, 
probably not more than half, however, of the number of ripe seeds that 
may be found in the average imported Smyrna fig. Those found by 
Mr. Roeding which had been pollinated by the Blastophagas, however, 
were by the 19th of July more than twice as large as the unfertilized 
ones, were solid and firm, and literally packed with ripe seeds sur- 
rounded by tissue of a beautiful pink color. On the same date (July 19) 
caprifigs were found full of what seemed to be galls. Dissection, how- 
ever, Showed that all of the seed-like objects which were cut open were 
really seeds and not galls. The precise variety of caprifig in which 
this phenomenon was noticed is not known to Mr. Roeding. It contains 
male flowers, however, and is with little doubt a caprifig. The mam- 
moni flowers, as is well known to investigators, occasionally develop 
a certain number of ripe seed. 
What the outcome will be from this time on is difficult to predict. 
The Blastophaga has been successfully introduced and has bred pro- 
fusely for one generation. Whether it will breed in the mammoni capri- 
figs we can not tell as yet. It has not been found to do so in Europe, 
as previously stated. The third crop of caprifigs in Mr. Roeding’s home 
orchard, near Fresno, invariably drop during the winter, but he has 
found that in caprifigs growing at his foothill place the figs hang on 
during the winter. He has made every effort to introduce Blastophaga 
at that place also, and it is very possible that the insect will successfully 
hibernate there, if it does not do so at the valley place. There is even 
a strong possibility that no more importation may be needed. There 
is also a possibility that the insect will die out owing to variation in 
season of blooming of the caprifig, and owing to the fact, perhaps, that 
the right varieties are not growing at Fresno. The present year’s 
experience, however, has shown that the insect can be brought over 
