12 _t& THE PRODUCTION OF TOBACCO UNDER SHADE. 
leaves, not the stem. In this way there is no danger of injuring the 
bud. The plants when pulled should be placed in shallow boxes, 
standing, roots down. In this way they can easily be carted to the 
field ready for transplanting. 
TRANSPLANTING THE SEEDLINGS. 
The transplanting of the plants is a hard ordeal for them, even at 
best. However, if care is taken to prepare the land thoroughly and 
the plants are set well in water and the weather is favorable, there 
will be a very small percentage of loss from dying. The cutworms 
and wireworms will of course destroy a few, in some seasons more 
than in others. | 
For the wireworms there is no remedy except to kill the worm when 
found either in the plant or about its roots. For protection against 
the cutworm, poison can be employed on and near the plants. 
Paris green and wheat middlings should be thoroughly mixed at the 
rate of a pound of Paris green to 140 pounds of middlings. If the 
mixture is stronger than this there is danger of burning the plants, 
and in the proportion mentioned there is enough of the poison to kill 
the worms. By the use of a tin can punched full of holes and fas- 
tened to a stick about 2 feet long, this mixture can be dusted over 
and near the plants. A jerk on the stick, shaking the can up and 
down, will force enough of the poison through the holes for one 
plant. 
The plants, with the exception of the post rows, are set out with 
a machine called a transplanter. (See Pl. I, fig. 1.) This machine is 
drawn by a team which is trained to walk very slowly. The machine 
consists of a barrel to carry the water set on a truck, with a single 
wheel ahead, which acts as a roller. Behind the truck comes a plow, 
which opens a furrow, in which the plants are set. Following come 
the wings, which draw the soil over the roots of the plants and set 
them. The barrel of water is so connected by a rubber tube and 
gearing that it lets out about a cupful of water on the roots of each 
plant as it is set. This puts the water just where it is needed by the 
plants, and they thrive much better than when set by hand. A 
machine, three men, and a team can set from 3 to 4 acres of tobacco 
in a day. 
The land should be thoroughly prepared for the plants by plowing, 
then by sowing the fertilizer, and afterwards by harrowing and 
smoothing. The smoothing can be done with either a smoothing 
harrow, a plank, or a brush, but should never be done with a land 
roller, as this leaves the land packed down too hard. 
The fertilizer should contain the following quantities of plant food to 
the acre: Nitrogen, 140 pounds; phosphoric acid, 100 pounds; potash, 
138 
