15 



year. The adult female deposits eggs, bat these are in such advanced 

 stage of development that they usually hatch out within twenty-four 

 hours after being deposited. I find by reference to my note book that 

 on the 28th of May, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, I found beneath an 

 adult female of this species one recently hatched young scale-insect and 

 two eggs, all of them being of a pale yellow color 5 one of these eggs 

 hatched out a few hours after I found it and the other hatched out the 

 day following its discovery. The young scale-insect from the last-men- 

 tioned egg had formed a thin white scale over it by 8 o'clock the next 

 morning, the scale being regularly hemispherical in shape. This spe- 

 cies evidently breeds during every month of the year. I have found 

 adult males early in the month of March and as late as October. Early 

 in March I have seen the young scale-insects crawling about, and by 

 the latter part of July adult females maybe found upon the green fruit, 

 which usually sets in February or March. The greatest increase, how- 

 ever, occurs during the three months of July, August, and September. 

 While the Bed Scale prefers citrus trees to all others, and probably 

 could not maintain itself for a succession of years upon any other kind 

 of tree or plant, still I have frequently found adults of this species 

 upon the following plants growing in the immediate vicinity of infested 

 citrus trees: 



English Walnut, Castor Bean, 



Eucalyptus, Kennedya riibicunda, 



Acacia, Passion Elower, 



Pear, Fuchsia, 



Bose, Solarium douglasii, 



Camphor Tree, Bidens sp., 



Grape, SoUdago catifornica, 



California Palm, and various other weeds. 



Date Palm, 

 On one occasion I saw a young English walnut tree the bark of which 

 was as thickly infested Avith Bed Scales as any citrus tree could be; it 

 was growing only a few yards from several orange trees on which these 

 scales were extremely abundant. 



Among the insect enemies of the Eed Scale the Twice-stabbed Lady- 

 bird (Chilocorus bivulnerus Muls.) is perhaps the most common and 

 widespread; I have repeatedly seen the larva of this ladybird tear off 

 the upper scale and feed upon the scale-insect itself, and in some in- 

 stances fully one-half of the scales on several of the oranges and lem- 

 ons had been destroyed by these larva3. For some reason, at present 

 unknown, this ladybird never becomes sufficiently numerous to keep 

 these scale-insects within due limits, even in restricted localities. About 

 one year ago Mr. A. Kercheval, of this city, at that time president of 

 the Los Angeles County Board of Horticulture, inclosed in a tent one 

 of his orange trees quite thickly infested with the Eed Scale, and then 

 introduced into this tent a large number of these ladybirds, for the 



