29 



Indian Cedar. Sonchus oleraceus. 



Cedar of Lebanon. Cyeas revoluta. 



Euonymus. Artemisia californica. 



Eed Pepper. Solarium douglasii. 



Castor Bean. Abutilon. 



Qnite a large number of these plants and trees in this list are wild 

 ones, and in several instances they were situated several miles from 

 cultivated plants of any kind. There can be little room for doubting 

 that in these instances the scales were carried to them by birds which 

 had visited the infested cultivated plants, and afterwards flown to and 

 alighted upon the wild ones. 



The observations which I have made upon these scales indicate that 

 there is but a single generation produced each year. I give herewith 

 my notes upon this subject as I find them recorded in my note books ; 

 these notes cover a period of several years, but were mostly made in 

 Los Angeles County. 



February 4. — Found a great many empty scales of Lecanium olece on orange trees 

 on the green twigs near the terminal ends of the branches ; also found a great many- 

 young ones from 1 to 1-J mm. long, some of which show the dorsal and two transverse 

 carinae quite distinctly. 



February 8. — Found several Lecanium olece about one-half grown on Baccharis vimi- 

 nalis. 



February 10. — Found empty scales and a great many young of Lecanium olece on an 

 Oleander. 



March 11. — In an extended search for the eggs of the Black Scale today none were 

 found. 



March 30. — Found Black Scales about one-third grown on Indian Cedar and Cedar 

 of Lebanon. 



March 31. — Found several eggs of the Black Scale. 



April 1. — Found a living Black Scale, beneath which were about fifty eggs, the first 

 I have found this year; found no other eggs of this species after an extended search, 

 the majority of the scales being not more than half grown. 



April 3. — Found a Black Scale, beneath which were about a dozen eggs, but the 

 most of the other specimens were not yet fully grown. 



April 16. — Found a few eggs of the Black Scale. 



May 21. — Eggs of the Black Scale just beginning to hatch. 



June 2. — The Black Scales have deposited from one-third to one-half of their eggs. 



June 3. — Beneath the largest Lecanium olece I could find on an orange tree were a 

 trifle over 2,200 eggs and young larvae. 



June 22. — Received many Black Scales on Oleander from Santa Clara County ; they 

 were from one-half to fully grown, and several of the latter individuals covered 



August 10. — Under some adult Black Scales all of the eggs have hatched out, 

 while beneath others from one-sixth to one-third of the eggs are still unhatched. 

 September 22. — Found no eggs of the Black Scale after an extended search. 



These observations were made upon scales living in the open air, and 

 indicate that the greater number of the eggs are deposited during the 

 months of May and June, although a few may be found as early as the 

 last week in March and as late as the first week in September ; outside 

 of this period but few eggs of this species will be found. Although this 



