69 



pendages fixed at base and middle, forming, as it were, a sort of basal 

 pocket for each of the claspers. The exact use of these I can not un- 

 derstand, but suspect they assist in some manner in holding, or, pos- 

 sibly, propelling the egg, as, in Pachyrrhina, they are reduced to what 

 appears to me to be a mere cushion. 



I wish it distinctly understood that I did not witness oviposition, ex- 

 cept under artificial environments, and therefore it would not be best 

 to take too much for granted. But, in view of the mechanism of the 

 organs of oviposition, and the manner in which they are called into 

 play, together with the fact that in the breeding cages the eggs were 

 scattered about, without the least indication of a desire to secrete them, 

 it seems at least doubtful about this species ovipositing in the ground, 

 though it must be confessed the organs of oviposition have a strange 

 resemblance to those of migratory locusts. 



TJie egg. — The egg is 0.8 mm in length, and from 0.3 to 0.4 mm in breadth, elongate- 

 ovoid, strongly concave on one side, of a jet black color and highly polished.* 



The larva. — The larva is about 20 mm in length, and in maximum diameter is about 

 3mm . head retractile, small and horny, whitish in color, and spotted with black; an- 

 tennae yellowish; body strongly wrinkled, transversely, especially the posterior seg- 

 ments. In the young larvae there are on most of the segments sparsely placed, stout, 

 curved bristles, but in the mature larvae these are more frequently missing. The 

 first segment is small, the others increasing to the eighth; thence decreasing to the 

 twelfth. The first seven segments are much smoother, but not as clearly defined as 

 the last five. The terminal segment is very obtuse, and armed above with a row of 

 four stout hooked spines, curved posteriorly, beneath which are two large spiracles, 

 and below each of these is a short, fleshy spine, curved upward. General color, diugy 

 white. 



The pupa. — The pupa varies in length from 13 mm to 18 mm , and in breadth from 3 mm 

 to5 mm ; head, with eyes, distinct; the antennae is insecurely attached along the breast, 

 short, eleven-jointed, the last joint strongly constricted at tip; horns prominent, 

 knobbed, curved, moderately distantly separated at base, with an intervening median 

 black ridge ; thorax quite prominent, and rotund above ; wings extending to anterior 

 margin of first ventral segment ; legs extending, usually, to posterior margin of first 

 ventral segment, where they all terminate together, forming a sort of flap, easily 

 detached from the segment and from each other. The abdomen is usually rather 

 strongly depressed, widening from base to third segment, gradually tapering from 

 thence to tip. Excepting the terminal, all of the abdominal segments are provided 

 with a transverse row of short spines on the dorsal surface, and likewise on the ven- 

 tral surface, with the exception of the first and second, which have, instead, two 

 large and two small spines, one of each placed on either side of the middle. The 

 terminal segment ends with a cluster of closely placed, fleshy pustules, which appear 

 to be more or less retractile. Back and above these are two fleshy spines, eight in 

 number. The lateral margins of the abdomen are wide and thin, armed with a lateral 

 row of spines, two on each segment. General color of pupa, dull, dingy brown. 



As clover was seriously injured throughout the West during the 

 winter and spring of 1888, any attempt to estimate the injury occasioned 

 by these worms would, of necessity, be mere guesswork. 



* Eggs very similar to, if not identical with, these were described some years ago 

 by Dr. Riley, to whom they were sent by Prof. S. A. Forbes, he having found them 

 in the stomach of the Catbird in Illinois. (See Am. Ent., vol. in, p. 24.) 



