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the combined organs witli which to place the eggs in the earth, as their 

 general contour would indicate might be the case. More especially does 

 this seem possible as the preceding species, whose organs of oviposi- 

 tion do not seem fitted for placing eggs, oviposit freely in the breeding 

 cage. Besides being grooved, the eggs of these Pachyrrhinae are smaller 

 and less robust than those of Tipula bicornis. The number of eggs 

 which the female produces is also uncertain, as I have not been able to 

 secure accurate data on that point. 



On May 7, 1891, I received a number of Tipulid larvae from Mr. D. 

 F. Wise, of Ashland County, Ohio, with the statement that they were 

 present in one of his fields in myriads, and he was afraid to plant corn 

 therein through fear of their destroying his crop. The owner described 

 the infested field as having been devoted to wheat three and two years 

 previously, yielding about 20 bushels per acre ; was seeded to clover, and 

 last year a crop of hay was removed. This spring, however, the clover had 

 disappeared and the entire field of 14 acres furnished only feed enough 

 for twenty-two ewes and their lambs. From these larvae I reared, June 

 4, a male and female of this species. Mr. Wise wrote me later that he 

 had observed these worms in his clover fields, and had noticed unac- 

 countable injuries thereto for the last nine years, but thought the intruders 

 were ordinary cut-worms. About the first of April,this year, he began 

 tiling his field, and on the following morning found the bottom of the 

 ditch, though covered with water, was swarming with these larvae, and 

 the fact of their living in water raised the suspicion that they were not 

 true cut-worms. On May 16, nearly six weeks later, he wrote that those 

 larvae were still living in the ditch. 



When I received the larvae from Mr. W^ise they were placed in a large 

 glass with considerable earth and a clover plant, but no drainage. 

 After waiting a considerable time for other adults to emerge from the 

 larvae, I concluded that the remainder had died, and paid no further 

 attention to the glass in which they had been placed. 



Tipula costalis Say. 



Early in July an examination of the earth in the glass mentioned 

 above, now nearly a solid mass, showed several larvae, and, what was 

 more surprising, they were still alive. During my removal from La- 

 fayette, Incl., to Columbus, Ohio, and the rearrangement of things, 

 this glass accidentally became filled with water, and remained so for 

 nearly two weeks, when, judge of my astonishment on examining the 

 contents, ten larvae were found alive and completely submerged in the 

 water, one floating about with its posterior upward. The larvae were 

 at once removed and placed in a flower-pot, in which a fresh clover 

 plant was placed, and this kept watered. Nothing appeared until Sep- 

 tember 20, when a male emerged, followed on the next day by a female. 

 These were kept together, and, though copulation took place, the 

 female stubbornly refused to oviposit, and died without furnishing me 





