REMEDIES AND PREVENTIVE MEASUB1 



here recommended. They have the advantage over all other mi 

 that they kill directly the worms begin feeding, and at the same time 

 have a preventive influence. Properly sprayed on the under sid< 

 the leaves so as to adhere, they are not easily washed oil', and the\ 

 only kill, without injury to the tree, all the worms at the time upon g 

 tree, but all those which may hatch upon such tree for a number of 

 days and even weeks subsequently. 



We are satisfied that with two or three special tanks, such as we have 

 built at the Department of Agriculture, and a gang of three men to 

 each, the trees of the city could be easily protected at a nominal cost be- 

 yond labor, and that two sprayings, one about the middle of May and 

 one the first week in June, will effectually prevent the repetition of any 

 such nuisance as that we suffered from last summer. Each gang of 

 three men could properly protect in the neighborhood of from three 

 hundred to five hundred medium-sized trees per day. and in ordinary 

 seasons and in dealing with the web-worm it would only be n< 

 to poison such trees as are preferred by the insect. 



We may here with propriety describe, as supplementary to the gen- 

 eral consideration of machinery on pp. 19-22, two recently-invented ma- 

 chines which could be used to advantage in this work. 



The first is the invention of Mr. A. H. Nixon, of Dayton. Ohio, and 

 will answer very well for the spraying of arsenical solutions. The 

 cyclone nozzle, with all its advantages on small or medium-sized h 

 is not so well adapted for spraying very high trees, and Mr. Nix 

 nozzle and several others which might be mentioned have an advan- 

 tage in that they throw a spray to a greater height or distance, in a 

 more powerful and narrower stream, which nevertheless breaks up into 

 a floating spray. 



We have personally tested Mr. Zsixon's nozzle and find it is a \ 

 satistactory one. Mr. W. B. Alwood, the agent of the Division at Co- 

 lumbus, Ohio, in a report upon it, writes: 



" The necessity of a good apparatus for spraying tobacco in a packing-house led Mr. 

 Nixon to experiment with many different kinds of apparatus, until aim dent 



he discovered that a jet of water projected against a wire gauze of proper sized mesh 

 held at a certain distance would produce a perfect spray. He •- 

 working up a scheme to utilize this newly discovered fact, and then succeeded very 

 imperfectly, hut produced an apparatus which found quite common use in his and 

 other tobacco warehouses in the Miami Valley. 



■• However, some three years ago he conceived the notion of perfecting his nozzle and 

 bringing it into .shape for practical utility on a force-pump. In this 1 think I 

 succeeded most admirably. Several styles of apparatus have been made by him foe 

 using his nozzle in practical work both in doors and out. Tie - \ for out- 



door work have especial reference to the destruction of insects. How useful these 

 may prove I would not venture an opinion, not having had a chance to use them in 

 actual work, but of the fact that his no/./le will produce Spray M fine or ifl 

 can possibly lie desired there is not the possibility of a doubt, and this, too, without 

 any waste of liquid. 



"The pump used on his machines is a single cylinder double action foree-pump of 

 extremely simple mechanism and of great power and durability. 



