20 OUR SHADE TREES AND THEIR INSECT DEFOLIATORS. 



driver laterally into the slot. The slot is longer than the eye-piece, go the latter may 

 he driven away from the hang-hole for a distance greater than the length of the trun- 

 nion pivot. Then the pump heing inserted, until these pivots come opposite the eyes, 

 the latter may he driven hack as sockets over the pivots, which play in them when 

 the pump is worked. To hold these eyes toward the pump and upon the trunnions a 

 wedge, v, is driven in the slot "beyond each eye-piece. Thus the pump is easily at- 

 tached or removed, and its union with the harrel is strong and firm. Perchance it he 

 desired that this pump-hole he bunged, the side slots may be wedged to make the 

 barrel tight. 



The parts of the pump being hung as described, the hinge, b, forms a toggle-joint, 

 and in its action causes the pump to oscillate on its trunnions, its basal end swinging 

 wider than its top, as indicated hy the dotted line from x to y. Upon the extremity 

 of this swinging eud is a loop, h, through which is passed the stirrer-bar, m n, made 

 to sweep hack and forth in the lower side of the barrel, thus to agitate and mix the 

 substances considerably during the operation of the pump, every stroke of the handle 

 causing one or two strokes of the stirrer. 



The method of inserting and extricating the stirrer-bar is as follows ■ It is raised 

 with the pump until the end, m, comes opposite the hung-bole, x, through which the 

 bar may he pulled out hy the cord, iv, which is attached to the end, n. and also prefer- 

 ably to the bungs r and z, as shown. Through the same hole the bar may be inserted. 

 This stirring device is the simplest in construction and operation of any yet contrived. 

 While workiug as it does with reference to the concavity of the barrel it is perfectly 

 effective. 



The pump is double-acting and very powerful, giviug strong pressure 

 to disperse the liquid far and finely, for, with the eddy-chamber nozzle 

 used, the greater the pressure the finer is the liquid atomized. A block 

 or other catch may be fixed on the side of the barrel to fit against the 

 skid and prevent the barrel from rockiug therein, as might otherwise 

 happen when it is nearly empty if much power is applied. About one 

 pailful of poisoned water was sprayed upon each tree. When only two 

 or three trees were to be treated an Aquapuit or other bucket-pump 

 was used to force the poison from a bucket carried by hand. The Paris- 

 green mixture needs to be almost constantly stirred, as this poison pre- 

 cipitates quickly; but with London purple the agitation is only occa- 

 sionally necessary. 



Connected with either pump is a long, flexible pipe, with its distal 

 part stiff, and serving as a long handle whereby to hold its terminal 

 nozzle beneath the branches or very high up at a comfortable distance 

 from the person managing it. Parts of one form of this extension pipe 

 are shown in Figs. 4 and 5. 



To the pump spout is attached the long, 2-ply, flexile hose, h h, of 

 -i-inch caliber. Its considerable length, 12 feet or more, allows the noz- 

 zle to be carried about the tree without moving the pump. Beyond its 

 flexile part the hose, h, passes through a bamboo pole, b, from which 

 the septa have been burned out by a hot iron rod. At the distal end of 

 the pole the hose terminates in a nozzle, n or m. When the nozzle is in 

 its natural position, m, the spray, z, is thrown straight ahead, and this 

 suits well for spraying very high branches, but for spraying the under 

 surfaces of the lower parts of the tree it is necessary that the nozzle 

 discharge laterally from the pipe, and this is accomplished with a noz- 



