57 
of the 98 per cent, and 24 pints of fish oil. The winter wash contains 30 pounds of 
resin, 9 pounds of crude soda, and 4} pints of oil. The ingredients are boiled in about 
20 gallons of water for two or three hours, hot water being occasionally added until 
50 gallons of solution are made. This, for both formulas, is diluted to 100 gallons 
before application to trees. Greater efficiency is believed to come from long boiling 
of the mixture, and it is preferably applied hot. 
It is used on deciduous trees for the black and San Jose scales and on 
citrus trees for the red and black scales; but the dense foliage of the 
latter renders thorough spraying difficult except for young trees, and 
fumigation is much preferred. An improperly made resin wash is also 
apt to spot the fruit of the orange. 
During the last few years the resin wash has been made the subject 
of some experiment by some agents of the Division of Vegetable 
Pathologyin Florida and some new formulas have been given in a recent 
bulletin by Mr. Webber on the sooty mold of the orange. I have tested 
these various formulas very carefully in connection with the formulas 
ordinarily given in entomological publications. The objection which 
was made to the California formula in Florida was the prolonged boil- 
ing which it required—from two to three hours—and in the formulas sug- 
gested by Messrs. Webber and Swingle the boiling is merely sufficient 
in most cases to dissolve the ingredients. 
In connection with the testing of these formulas the California resin 
wash was also made after the old rule and with some variation as to the 
length of time of boiling. So far as these experiments went there 
seemed to be no advantage attaching to the new formulas for the wash. 
The Florida resin wash on cooling presented a very objectionable, doughy 
deposit, which necessitated reheating before it could be diluted. The 
Florida stock solution of the same did not leave such deposit. Webber’s 
resin compound yielded a great deal of objectionable sediment, and this 
is also true of the Swingle formula. The California resin wash, how- 
ever, described in our publications can be made with long or short boil- 
ing. The long boiling—two or three hours—is considered in California 
to give additional merit by effecting a more intimate combination of the 
ingredients. By boiling merely enough, however, to melt and thoroughly 
incorporate the resin and oil with the lye a solution is produced difter- 
ing not at all in apparent characteristics from the one obtained by long 
boiling and at the same time not presenting the objectionable deposits 
on cooling noted in the case of several of the Florida washes. We are 
therefore inclined to adhere to the formula which we have hitherto used 
for the preparation of this wash. For some purposes the prolonged 
boiling is probably unnecessary, which may apply to its use as a means 
of removing the sooty mold. 
PURE KEROSENE. 
The discussion of this substance at the last meeting of the associa- 
tion led to some additional experiments on our part with the use of 
pure coal oil or kerosene on plants. Various trees, including young 
