,90 



throughout California. They may appear somewhat earlier in the val- 

 leys. From dates noted in 1887 some of the moths were out on April 

 22 at Santa Clara, and one larva found then did not produce the moth- 

 until May 10. Two days after this they were also observed flying at 

 Alameda. One larva found under hark of pear tree at Los Angeles on 

 July 19, 1886, and evidently of the first brood, did not produce the moth 

 until the end of April the following year. During August, 1887, the 

 moths were abundant at Alameda ; on the 2d of the month a cocoon 

 was found about 8 feet from the trunk of the tree, under a fallen 

 apple, from which the larva had issued. The moth from this appeared 

 on the 13th of the same month. Two days later, on a hot and sunny 

 day, while walking through an old apple orchard at 10 p. m., moths 

 started up either from the trunk or lower leaves of nearly every tree 

 and settled down again, generally higher up and on the upper side of 

 leaves exposed to the sun. 



Larvre and chrysalids were found in abundance the same day, and 

 from one of the latter a parasite issued on August 26. This proved to 

 be Pimpla annulipes. Up to September 17 moths issued from the chrys- 

 alids ; one larva that pupated during this month did not, however, pro- 

 duce the moth until December 10. During 1888 the first moth was ob- 

 served at Alameda as early as March 17, sitting on the upper side of 

 an orange leaf exposed to the sun. But very few of the apple trees 

 were in bloom at this time. Two days later moths began to issue in the 

 house from larvre collected the previous December. Several issued up 

 to March 28. The present season the moths were not observed in any 

 numbers before May 25 in the Santa Cruz Mountains. The fruit at this 

 time was about 1 inch in diameter. From this date oimintil the end of 

 June there could be seen at dusk from 25 to 50 on each tree. The 

 place is situated on the east side of the hills. About a half hour after 

 the sun disappeared behind the mountains, and while it was yet visi- 

 ble for nearly that length of time on the opposite hills, the moths be- 

 gan to appear, flying with quick movements around the trees, chiefly 

 near the top, and settling down again upon the leaves or fruit from 

 time to time. This was kept up until towards dark when they became 

 less numerous. During tbis time both sexes may be readily collected 

 with a long butterfly-net. I have taken many near the ground on the 

 lower leaves and often distant from fruit trees. By their peculiar flight 

 they are easily distinguished from any other species of moths. 



About the middle of August, at which time some of the fruit had 

 already been taken off, the second brood made its appearance, yet at this 

 time many larva) could still be found withiu the infested fruit, and from 

 material collected then and taken to Alameda, moths came out in num- 

 bers until September 12. I was informed that Bartlett pears taken 

 from the trees when the second brood had made its appearance were 

 all sound, not one in twenty being wormy. On examination, however, 

 I found the opposite to be the case. About one pear in twenty only was 



