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leaf to get the resting moth. Of not less value is the larva of a Neu- 

 ropterous insect, a Raphidia, which is present in numbers. Its long 

 and flat structure together with its activeness enables it to hunt up any 

 larva that may be present under bark or in crevices of the tree. 



Not only is the larva devoured but the chrysalis likewise, and with- 

 out doubt often the mature moth. It was indeed very hard work to 

 find any larvae or pupae of Oarpocapsa upon trees where the larvae of 

 Raphidia were present, and the latter occurred upon nearly every tree. 

 As a rule, not more two or three could be found upon one tree by break- 

 ing off all the loose bark and examining the crevices, and often none at 

 all. These larvae are always on the lookout for food, crawling up and 

 down the trees, but being chiefly concealed by the bark. Away from 

 the trunk of the tree, however, more larvae are found. An old and partly 

 decayed stump or piece of wood lying anywhere near an infested tree will 

 always be full of them ; and, as has before been pointed out, many of 

 the larvae of the first brood, at least, spin up in the dry ground. I will 

 again refer to the Dermestid larvae mentioned before, not only as de- 

 stroying the pupa of Carpocapsa but likewise the larva, during the 

 summer season at least. Many apparently sound cocoons when cut 

 open will be shown to contain larvae and skins of some of these beetles. 

 The contents have been devoured while there is no visible hole in the 

 cocoon, showing that the larva had entered while young. This alone 

 would not be sufficient evidence, but I have also found small larvae of 

 Trogoderma tarsale within the cocoons, and with the larvae, dead and 

 living, of Oarpocapsa. 



In two instances the half dead Carpocapsa larvae showed small holes 

 in their sides which had partly healed up. These no doubt were made 

 by the Dermestid larvae, which as a rule feed upon dry insect remains, 

 and only kill living larvae gradually by feeding upon the skin only at 

 first. In many cases they were found with larvae that had recently 

 died, having already undergone several molts within the cocoons of the 

 last larvae. They are very abundant, especially around Alameda, as 

 many as four or five large larvae being often found within the cocoon and 

 feeding upon the dead pupa of Leucarctia acrcva. In almost any old 

 egg-mass of Orgyia they are found. Whether they will feed upon the 

 eggs or not I have as yet no evidence. Insect collections are not as 

 much troubled by these beetles in California, especially in the valleys, 

 as in the Eastern States. I have often observed them, however, to in- 

 fest collections in the mountainous districts. A coleopterous (Clerid?) 

 larva was recently found in the Sonoma Valley feeding upon Carpo- 

 capsa, but has not yet been bred. Numerous Carabid beetles were 

 always found at the base of trees awaiting their chance to get a bite at 

 the Carpocapsa larvae. The most numerous of these were Pterostichus 

 calif amicus Dej. and Galathus ruficollis Dej. A bright light with a 

 white sheet below and behind was kept burning near the orchard in the 

 Santa Cruz Mountains while the moths were abundant. One female 



