23 



River, and at an elevation of 900 feet, 29° below zero being known in 

 that locality. Even when exposed to such extremes of temperature, 

 and probably outside the limits of the Upper Austral life zone, the insect 

 nad been able not only to hold its own, but had increased some, as the 

 few trees infested were badly covered with the scale. It had spread 

 very little, although the trees had been set out since 1895. This is 

 evidently near the limit where climatic conditions are too severe to 

 permit of its becoming a very injurious pest. The known distribution 

 of this scale in the State is very interesting, since it has been found in 

 localities here and there throughout most of the area lying within the 

 limits of the Upper Austral life zone. It has been reported from locali- 

 ties in every county in the State east of the Hudson River, except 

 Westchester and Washington, and from those on its west bank south 

 of Warren County, except Greene and Rockland. The following are 

 the localities: Rensselaer County, East Greenbush; Columbia County, 

 Lebanon Springs, Kinderhook, and Germantown; Dutchess County, 

 Poughkeepsie; Putnam County, Brewster; New York County, New 

 York; Saratoga County, Burnt Hills; Albany County, Loudon ville; 

 Ulster County, Boiceville; Orange County, Middletown. Besides 

 localities on Long Island, it has been found in Tompkins County, at 

 Ithaca; in Seneca County, at Farmer, and in Cayuga County, at Union 

 Springs. 



In the discussion Mr. Smith stated that he was much interested in 

 the records presented, because they indicated such remarkable differ- 

 ences in the habits of insects in neighboring States. Referring to the 

 elm leaf-beetle, he stated that in New Jersey the insect was not present 

 this year in sufficient numbers to make spraying necessary and that 

 there was no notable injury; the same was also true of last year. The 

 cottony cushion maple scale, on the contrary, was very abundant, 

 always on maple. He referred also to the finding of Galerucella cam- 

 collis on peach in Pennsylvania and the reported finding of Mamestra 

 picta on oak and chestnut, questioning the accuracy of the latter obser- 

 vation and suggesting that some other larva had been mistaken for 

 picta. 



Mr. Cooley referred to the finding of the cottony maple scale on the 

 English elm, American elm, and the Camperdown elm, but most abund- 

 antly on maple. 



Mr. Howard said that many topics suggested by the paper might be 

 discussed. He referred to the sending of a parasite of the plum Leca- 

 nium, Comys fusca, from California to New York through the agency of 

 Mr. Ehrhorn, as being a case of carrying coals to Newcastle, since the 

 species has long been known to occur in the East and in New York State. 



Mr. Kirkland stated that it had been distinctly an elm leaf-beetle 

 season in Massachusetts. He also referred to the fact that a green 

 maple worm apparently identical in character and habits with the one 



