72 



bulb like process. The females were much larger than the males and 

 of a yellowish appearance. The size of the female is about half that of 

 the ordinary agamic female, and the male is about half the size of the 

 true female. They are very obscure individuals, and, so far as we could 

 observe, took very little nourishment if any at all. From the condition 

 of the mouth parts they could not possibly take other than liquid food. 

 They completed their growth in about eight days, passing through four 

 molts, and the female then deposited a single egg, which is about 0.75 

 millimeter long and ovoid in shape, and of a dark-brown color. 



Such trouble was experienced in rearing the sexual individual that we 

 were not able to make extensive observations on oviposition,nor were 

 we able to carry eggs over to the hatching period to produce a stem 

 mother, but they were carried long enough to conclude that the egg does 

 not hatch in the autumn. 



The formation of the single egg can be observed in the female soon 

 after she passes the first molt, and at maturity it is plainly visible, occu- 

 pying much the larger part of the body cavity.- 



From the long series of observations made, covering nearly two years, 

 it is concluded that the sexual form plays a very unimportant part in 

 the propagation and perpetuation of the species in this latitude. 



The agamic individuals are always present, usually in great numbers 

 on the roots and to a less extent on the stems of the apple trees, and 

 these colonies persist, so far as our observations go, and reproduce 

 other agamic individuals in a direct line without cessation and without 

 apparent loss of virility. 



ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF PR0T0PARCE CAROLINA. 



By Wm. B. Alwood, Blacksburg, Va. 

 [Abstract of paper.] 



In the spring of 1890 I began observations on the life history of the 

 tobacco horn-worm, Protoparce Carolina, at Blacksburg, Va. It may 

 be well to state that, although this place is well toward the southern 

 boundary of Virginia, it has a temperate climate, similar to middle New 

 York, because of its elevation, the mean height above tide being about 

 2,500 feet; but the temperature is also influenced by the prevailing 

 northwest winds, which come to us over the higher ranges of mou?itains. 

 The soil is mostly heavy clay. Frosts occur in spring, usually until 

 the middle of May, and in the fall about September 20 to 30 our first 

 frost is to be expected. 



The tobacco grown is the heavy dark varieties. 



The earliest dates at which the moths were observed were June 7, 

 1891, June 9, 1892, and June 12, 1893, aud almost invariably in any 

 year by the 12th of June moths in small numbers may be taken at 



