ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY IN HAWAII. 61 



is now fairly common. Chilocorus bivulnerus was again sent in large 

 quantities ; yet, though observed as late as 1897, it was never abundant, 

 and the writer doubts whether it exists upon the islands at present. 

 Rhizobius ventralis Er. and R. lophanthm Blaise!., which are still here 

 and do valuable service, were then introduced. In his report for 

 1894 to the provisional government of the islands (pp. 98-101) Mr. 

 Koebele lists the coccids found here and the coccinellids introduced 

 from California. At that time, too, he sent several consignments of 

 the toad, which was established here and, with as much cheer as is in 

 the humor of a toad, performed the task imposed upon him of eating 

 Adoretus umbrosus Fab. Much good would have resulted from the 

 toad had not the mongoose proven so destructive to it. 



About December, 1893, Mr. Koebele came to these islands and 

 made a hasty tour of inspection to determine the nature and extent 

 of the insect invasion. He reported his findings in the 1894 report, 

 above referred to, and in March, 1894, sailed for Australia. During 

 this trip " he has visited Australia, China, Ceylon, and Japan " a and 

 sent from those countries many thousands of coccinellids, comprising 

 some 200 species. More species, no doubt, would have been estab- 

 lished then had Mr. Koebele had a competent entomologist stationed 

 here to breed and take care of his consignments. For the same reason 

 Mr. Koebele refrained from attempting to introduce parasites, as he 

 states h that he sent coccinellids only, principally because he feared 

 introducing new scale insects with the parasites. A very poorly 

 concocted list of coccinellids, sent by Mr. Koebele during that trip, 

 appears in the 1894 report to the minister of interior, pages 31 to 33. 

 Of these coccinellids, perhaps no other species excelled Cryptolwmus 

 montrouzieri Muls. Until this day its work of execution is evident on 

 a good many species of Coccidse. Pseudococcus filamentosus (Ckll.), 

 otherwise a very ugly pest on many varieties of plants, dares not show 

 its face for this useful ladybird. Pidvinaria psidii, once a threat- 

 ening enemy of coffee, guava and other plants, is now far from a com- 

 mon species. Curiously enough, it will not touch the females of Pseu- 

 dococcus nipce, though it devours males with avidity. Few species of 

 Pseudococcus are immune to it, in fact. The large variety of species 

 of Coccida? that it preys upon makes this coccinellicl, it seems to the 

 writer, a more valuable insect even than Vedalia cardinalis. Platyo- 

 mus lividig aster Muls. and Coccinella reparhda Thunb., the two most 

 common and efficient aphis-eating coccinellids here, have alone saved 

 many plants, especially citrus, Hibiscus, and sugar cane, from utter 

 destruction. Unfortunately, the latter is subject to attack by Cen- 

 iistes americana. Strange to say, this parasite, while scarce in the 



aRept. Min. Int., Dec. 31, 1895, p. 119. 

 &Rept. Min. Int. 1897, p. 114. 



