ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES FROM MARYLAND. 83 



market in this State have been given a fair trial, and in no ease did 

 the results prove satisfactory, while in making and applying the 

 same we were particular to follow explicitly the directions given by 

 each manufacturer. Rather extensive experiments were conducted 

 in. fumigation of nursery stock the past year. The strengths used 

 varied from the normal 1-2— t formula to six times the normal 

 strength, and the time of exposure one-half and one hour in each case. 

 The results were very satisfactory, as in many cases not a single tree 

 in a lot of ten exposed in the strongest gas for one hour appeared to 

 be injured. 



The oyster-shell scale (Lepidosaphes ulmi L.) has been reported 

 from several localities as doing much injury. It is peculiar that in 

 the extreme western part of the State, where the San Jose scale is not 

 present except in a few places, the oyster-shell scale seems quite gen- 

 erally distributed, especially on apple trees. We have observed many 

 orchards to be very badly infested with the pest. Many reports and 

 specimens have been received of this insect injuring and killing maple 

 trees in several parts of Maryland. We are now conducting experi- 

 ments with different treatments for this insect on maple trees. 



The codling moth (Carpocapsa pomonella L.). — This, one of our 

 annual pests, inflicted its usual injury in Maryland the past year. 

 The results of our experiments in testing the profit to be gained by 

 spraying apple trees with an arsenite at the proper time were very 

 encouraging. The comparison of the per cent of good and wormy 

 fruit from sprayed and unsprayed trees in the experiment station 

 orchard shows the ratio of 1 to 10 in favor of the treated trees. This 

 result to a greater or less extent was very plain in all the different 

 varieties that were included in the experiment. No comparison could 

 be drawn between Paris green and arsenate of lead for superior use 

 as an arsenite. 



The little leaf-hoppers of the family Jassidse were especially numer- 

 ous the past year. Of these the grape leaf -hopper (Typhlocyba comes 

 Say) did considerable injury to grapevines. Several other species 

 were observed doing unusual injury to various other plants. 



The army worm (Heliophila unipuncta Haw.). — The appearance of 

 this insect in early fall in injurious numbers, as observed by the writer 

 on one farm in Prince George County, was one of the novel ento- 

 mological features of the year. The insect was brought to our notice 

 by a report that " a field of millet was being destroyed by some worm." 

 We were unable to. visit the place for some time afterwards. Upon 

 investigation, however, we found several larva? and a great many 

 pupa?, which were located under rubbish around and in the field. The 

 insect did not spread from this field, as is usually their habit. At the 

 time of our observation it was too late to employ remedial measures 

 except to prevent, as far as possible, their reappearance next season. 



