102 ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS. 



within the same State, whether the cattle are for interstate commerce 

 or not. These laws and regulations have been tested in the courts, 

 and so far have been held constitutional. 



Furthermore, Congress appropriates for the Bureau of Animal 

 Industry a sum which is specifically for the control of outbreaks of 

 disease. By this means the Bureau was able to proceed at once 

 against the foot-and-mouth disease in Xew England in 1902. A 

 deficiency appropriation was at once authorized by the next session 

 of Congress (for $500,000, approved December 22, 1902), which 

 enabled the work to proceed without delay. A similar amount was 

 included in the regular appropriation for the Bureau for the fiscal 

 year ending June 30, 1901, but the work had been so thoroughly done 

 under the previous appropriation prior to that time that but little of 

 the last appropriation of $500,000 was used. It was a portion of 

 this unused balance, $250,000, which was subsequently appropriated 

 for the investigation of the boll weevil and cotton culture, I believe. 



Not only do the regulations prohibit the movement of diseased cattle 

 or any cattle from a quarantined State or section, either by shipment 

 or driving, but they prohibit allowing cattle to drift from one section 

 to another. Furthermore, any hay, straw, or other material which 

 may harbor disease from a quarantined area may be entirely regu- 

 lated by the Bureau. (See Regulations 1, 6, 8, 19, and 13. particu- 

 larly.) Further enumeration of the powers and methods of admin- 

 istration of this Bureau is unnecessary, but a perusal of the refer- 

 ences cited may prove interesting to those unfamiliar with them. 



If, therefore, Congress through these agencies is preventing the 

 introduction of human and animal diseases and noxious animals, and 

 their interstate movement, and eradicates or controls them in sections 

 where their presence threatens the commerce and welfare of other 

 States, why may not the spread of imported insect pests dangerous 

 to plants be similarly regulated ? The writer has studied the princi- 

 ples involved with some care and fails to see that they are not 

 identical. 



An interesting phase of the whole discussion, and one of local in- 

 terest here, arises from the recent convention of the Southern States, 

 which passed resolutions not only praying Congress that the National 

 Government take charge of all quarantines, but that it proceed to the 

 extermination of the yellow-fever mosquito. Whether extermination 

 of this pest is possible or not I am not informed. From experience 

 with other insects it would seem doubtful. There can be no question, 

 however, that in order to control the yellow fever the breeding of 

 Stegomyia calopus must be prevented. In the control of yellow 

 fever the Federal Government would therefore have a perfect right 

 to proceed against this insect as a menace to human health. 



