138 ASSOCIATION OP ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS. 



mixtures. The lime-sulphur washes called for 20 pounds of lime and 

 15 pounds of sulphur, 25 pounds of lime and 20 pounds of sulphur, 

 and 15 pounds each of lime and sulphur, to 50 gallons of water, the 

 mixture in each case being actively boiled for about thirty minutes. 

 Unboiled washes, using 20 pounds of lime, 15 pounds of sulphur, and 

 10 pounds of sal soda; 25 pounds of lime, 20 pounds of sulphur, and 

 12^ pounds of sal soda, and one composed only of 30 pounds of lime 

 and 15 pounds of sulphur, were tested. Applications of these washes 

 were made at Washingtonville, in the Hudson Valley, and also at 

 Oyster Bay, on Long Island, for the purpose of observing their be- 

 havior under different conditions. The general results may be briefly 

 summarized as follows : 



There was very little difference between the behavior of the three 

 boiled washes mentioned above. We still recommend the formula 

 20 pounds of lime, 15 pounds of sulphur, and 50 gallons of water, 

 with at least thirty minutes active boiling, because this wash proved 

 thoroughly efficient and calls for a minimum amount of material, 

 except in the case of the one where equal quantities of lime and sul- 

 phur are employed. There seems to be a practical advantage in hav- 

 ing some excess of lime, and as the cost of the additional 5 pounds is 

 very slight we prefer the formula given above. 



The unboiled washes — those depending on chemical activity to 

 effect a combination — gave nearly, if not equally, as satisfactory 

 results as those where fire was employed. The wash composed of 30 

 pounds of lime and 15 pounds of sulphur presents mechanical disad- 

 vantages, and as the one calling for 20 pounds of lime, 15 pounds of 

 sulphur, and 10 pounds of sal soda is just as efficient an insecticide 

 and gives a much more satisfactory mechanical and chemical combi- 

 nation, we do not hesitate to recommend it wherever small lots of 

 wash are desired. Experience last season has shown that while this 

 latter preparation can be made without adding any hot water, the 

 mechanical condition is immensely superior when the reaction is 

 started with a few pails of hot water, as described last year, and the 

 chemical combination appears to be considerably better. 



A very fine amorphous grade of sulphur, carefully mixed with lime 

 which had been previously slaked and allowed to cool, was applied to 

 a few trees and proved of no value in destroying the scale. Twenty 

 and 25 per cent limoid or K-L mixtures were tested, and, generally 

 speaking, the results were not equal to those obtained with lime- 

 sulphur washes, though we went to the trouble of securing the best 

 grade of limoid with which to prepare them. There is no doubt 

 that a certain amount of the scale was destroyed by the application. 

 Nevertheless, the general results were disappointing, even in the 

 hands of other parties, where the treatment was said to have been 

 exceptionally thorough. 



