18 STOCK RANGES OF NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA. 



As to fruits, grapes, apples, and pears would seem the best suited to the soils; 

 stone fruits will doubtless do well also, but with heavy crops will soon require 

 fertilization with phosphates. The hill soil would seem especially adapted to 

 peaches and high-class wines and almonds if the climate permits. Apricots should 

 do well, especially on the Young ranch, and on the valley land if not liable to late 

 frosting. 



Judging by the large size reached by the Madrone (Arbutus Menziesii) and 

 other forest trees on these soils, a similar development and longevity may be 

 looked for in the trees adapted to- the soil, where its depth is correspondingly great. 

 With this proviso the English walnut in the valleys, the Italian or Japanese chest- 

 nut on the hills, would be likely to do well. 



Round Valley, the largest of the valleys, has an elevation of about 

 1,600 feet; it is said to be about 7 miles in diameter in any direction, 

 and to contain a soil which is a rich loam, somewhat gravelly on the 

 west side, and somewhat adobe-like on the east. It is said to be very 

 fertile and to produce excellent crops of wheat, which, however, can 

 at present be grown only for local consumption, on account of the 

 inaccessibility of a good market. The valley contains about 25,000 

 acres of agricultural land. The rainfall varies from 38 to 60 inches 

 per annum and the mean annual temperature is 60° F. " In 1898 the 

 valle} 7 exported 8,000 hogs, 3,000 beef cattle, 100 mules, and 2,500 mut- 

 ton sheep; it also produces large quantities of hay and an average of 

 150,000 bushels of grain per annum." a 



Little Lake Valley is principally employed in grain raising, produc- 

 ing about 60,000 bushels annually. The average yield is said to be 

 20 bushels of wheat, 35 of barley, and 40 of oats. 



The soil of Hupa Valle} 7 (PL I), an Indian reservation on the 

 Trinity River, is very gravelly, dry, and poor. LTnlike Little Lake, 

 Sherwood, and Long valleys, Hupa is situated many miles from the 

 headwaters of its main stream, and the soil is evidently more nearly 

 that of a river gravel bar than of an alluvian mountain valley. It is 

 poorly adapted to the production of agricultural crops, returning only 

 a sparse yield of grain. 



Agricultural products. — Small quantities of wheat, fruit, vegetables, 

 and poultry are raised for local consumption. The principal export 

 products are cattle, sheep, wool, and hogs. 



Oats, of which red, black, and white varieties are grown, but prin- 

 cipally the first named, together with a little wheat, is the principal 

 hay crop. It is said that barley does not succeed well in these high 

 valleys, yielding only about two tons of hay to the acre, as compared 

 with five tons sometimes obtained in Ukiah Valley, south of the 

 divide. Some timothy hay is grown in Sherwood and Long valleys, 

 yielding about three tons to the acre; and red-top (Agrostis alba) is 

 reported to be successfully cultivated in a f ew places. It is said, how- 

 ever, that both timothy and red-top "run out" in a few years, which 

 may be due to the practice of pasturing too long after the rainy sea- 



* Ukiah Dispatch-Democrat. 



