24. INSECTS AFFECTING HEALTH OF MAN OR ANIMALS. 
CONTROL OF INSECTS WHICH INJURE OR WORRY ANIMALS. 
The animals about army camps are likely to be greatly disturbed 
by the attacks of flies and ticks. The first, essentials, therefore, are 
to prevent if possible the breeding of noxious insects around the camp. 
This will necessitate the careful handling of manure, as suggested 
in a previous paragraph, the draining of stagnant water, and thorough 
cleanliness around the stable. It is probable that many flies will be 
present, even with all these precautions. These should be caught 
by the use of flytraps. 
In case of severe attack from biting flies it is often necessary to 
protect the animals by the use of repellents. This may be applied 
by means of a dipping vat or small spray apparatus, or by means 
of a rag or paint brush. Among the substances which are used in 
repellent mixtures are fish oil, pine tar, oil of tar, crude carbolic 
acid, oil of pennyroyal, and kerosene. Very few of these mixtures 
are active for more than a day and they serve only as emergency 
remedies. Animals infested by ticks or lhce may be dipped in a 
vat containing a mixture made up as follows: 
To make a 500-gallon bath provide— 
SP ULISG aa a i ne Bere ia ni es so A ae: 24 pounds. 
White arsenic, 99 per cent pure and finely powdered. .......-- 9 pounds. 
pine tanewsrs. pescie. woos lo. awed the -i59- eee ee ee 1 gallon. 
Put 25 gallons of water in a kettle or tank of 40 to 50 gallons 
capacity, heat to boiling point, and add the sal soda. When this 
has dissolved add the white arsenic. Then boil and stir for 15 minutes 
or longer until the white arsenic has entirely disappeared. If in- 
tended for immediate use, cool to 140° F. (by addition of cold water 
if desired). Then pour in the pine tar in a thin stream, while con- 
stantly and vigorously stirring the solution. Immediately empty 
the liquid into the dipping vat, which has already been three-fourths 
filed with water, and stir thoroughly. After the addition of the 
remainder of the water and further stirring, the bath is ready for use. 
Owing to the poisonous nature of arsenic it is important that proper 
precautions be observed in the use of this dip in order to avoid possibly 
serious damage. 
WASHINGTON : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1916 
