INSECTS. AFFECTING HEALTH OF MAN OR ANIMALS. 13 
ng tube at the tail end, which, in the natural position of the larvae, 
is uppermost, and, furthermore, by the position of the body, which 
hangs downward at an angle of about 45 degrees, instead of nearly 
straight down. 
OTHER MOSQUITOES. 
Mosquitoes occur in greater or less abundance nearly everywhere, 
there being particular kinds adapted to special conditions. Their 
abundance in a given locality, in spite of the fact that water is 
necessary for their development, is by no means always in proportion 
to the amount of standing water present. In fact, one often finds 
mosquitces abundant and annoying in very dry regions with little or 
no water. These mosquitoes have developed in temporary pools 
produced by heavy rains. Great numbers may develop from such 
pools at one time, and as such mosquitoes are rather long-lived it 
_ frequently happens that they are in evidence long after the puddles 
_ that gave them birth have dried out. 
MOSQUITO CONTROL. 
To be effective, mosquito-control measures must be directed against 
- mosquito breeding. Protection of the individual by means of nets, 
‘screening of houses and tents, the use 
of repellent substanées, etc., must be re- 
garded as purely supplementary. They 
should never be relied upon exclusively 
unless the temporary nature of the 
camp or the size and character of the 
_ breeding area render radical methods 
- impracticable. 
_ Dry regions, in spite of the dryness 
_ of climate and aridity of soil, frequently 
afford many opportunities for mosquito 1, sea bi ieindatie ene 
_ propagation. Where breeding places Anopheles quadrimaculatus, in resting 
occur in such regions their importance position. Greatly enlarged. (Howard.) 
; is increased by the fact that the water forming them is sought by 
_ travelers or settlers. 
It can not be too strongly emphasized that a very few small and 
apparently unimportant breeding places, artificial or otherwise, will, 
i neglected, produce enough mosquitoes, often of disease-carrying 
_ Species, to infest seriously a whole community. Among the most 
productive situations occurring in the vicinity of settlements are 
I nudholes in roads (especially if not constantly traversed), ruts, the 
oof prints of animals, and depressions in vacant lots, particularly in 
le presence of vegetation. The ponds or tanks used for the stor age 
water pumped by windmills from artesian wells and ordinary wells, 
ecially if not too deep, are excellent. breeding places. It should 
