62 PARASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. 
ceased to issue the remaining nests and larve were burned. But 
later observations showed this destruction to have been a mistake. 
It was not considered likely that other parasites could be reared 
from these imported larve if they were fed and reared as far as pos- 
sible, but such proved to be the case, as will be shown later. 
During the winter of 1905-6 efforts were made to import in winter- 
ing conditions the two large European ground-beetles, Calosoma 
sycophanta (see Pl. I, frontispiece) and C. inqusitor. No success in 
importing living specimens was gained until March, 1906, but from 
that time on until July small consignments of living adult beetles 
were received, and in all 690 living specimens of Calosoma sycophanta 
and 172 of C. inqusitor arrived at Boston alive, some of them dying 
soon after arrival. Colonies were started in various localities about 
Boston. Consideration of the history of these two species will be 
given in Bulletin 101. 
After visiting the parasite laboratory in March and determining 
the success of the importation of the brown-tail nests, the senior 
author sailed from New York on the 17th of the month for Europe, 
returning to America May 17. 
Proceeding directly to Paris, Mr. Rene Oberthiir was met by appoint- 
ment, and the whole subject of the summer work was carefully con- 
sidered. Mr. Oberthiir is a man of affairs, proprietor of a large 
printing business, a learned amateur entomologist, and the possessor 
of one of the largest insect collections in the world. His advice and 
assistance throughout the whole work has been most important, and 
he assures the American representatives that he has highly appre- 
ciated the opportunity of being of assistance and of taking part in 
such an interesting piece of work. At his advice the writer proceeded 
to the south of France, after interviewing correspondents and agents 
in Paris, and visited Prof. Valery Mayet at the agricultural school 
at Montpellier, Dr. P. Siepi, of the Zoological Gardens in Marseilles, 
and Mr. Harold Powell, of Hyéres. Both Prof. Mayet and Dr. Siepi 
stated that both of the injurious species of insects were rare in their 
vicinity, but both promised to assist in the importation of the Calosoma 
beetles. Mr. Powell proved to be a lepidopterist who had been 
employed professionally by Mr. Oberthiir as a collector, and he was 
engaged to collect parasitized larve in Hyéres and in the Enghadine 
district. He sent inmuch good material, and later, as will be shown 
in subsequent pages, organized a very efficient service in the summer 
of 1909. The visit to Prof. Mayet at Montpellier, moreover, was by 
no means devoid of results, since at a later date he was able to send 
a few specimens of carabid beetles, and in 1908, as a result of this 
personal interview, he was able to send to America the first living 
specimens of the European egg parasite of the imported elm leaf- 
beetle, Tetrastichus xanthomelene Marchal, which, as a result of this 
