14 PARASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. 
expedition far more than justified the expense involved. A very 
large amount of parasite material was received from him in good 
condition at Boston, and very many parasites from Japan were 
colonized in the woodlands in New England. Prof. Kincaid was 
received with the most extreme courtesy and cordiality by the 
Japanese Government and by official and private entomologists 
everywhere. His work was facilitated in every possible way; assist- 
ants were placed at his disposal and in this way a large number of 
individuals occupied themselves in the collection of parasitized 
material. After consultation with the Japanese entomologists, 
whose great cleverness in manipulation and ingenuity in devising 
methods are well known, Prof. Kincaid was able to pack his shipments 
in such a way as to bring about a minimum of mortality on the jour- 
ney. The steamship companies showed him every courtesy, and 
much of his material arrived at Melrose Highlands in better condition 
than corresponding sendings received from Europe. A single indi- 
cation of the value of Prof. Kinecaid’s work may be mentioned: From 
one shipment of cocoons between 40,000 and 50,000 adults of the 
Japanese Apanteles were reared and were liberated directly in the 
open in Massachusetts, and this is the species which, although 
repeatedly sent by correspondents, had never arrived in New England 
in such condition that a single living adult could be reared. 
The European importations in the meantime continued to arrive 
in numbers, and at the close of the summer it was found that the 
actual number of beneficial insects liberated had been far in excess 
of that for 1906 or 1907, and that the list included several species 
of apparently great importance and promise that had never before 
been received at the laboratory in living condition. 
The successful European importations all came from western 
Europe, and unfortunately the few shipments sent from Russia 
arrived in very bad condition. This is considered to have been most 
unfortunate, since several of the Russian parasites were very promis- 
ing, and the subject of improving the Russian service was taken into 
consideration. 
With the great success of the summer’s Japanese work, and the 
question of the great desirability of similar work in Russia in his mind, 
the senior author, visiting the Pacific coast in the autumn of that 
year (1908) on a tour of inspection of the field laboratories of the 
Bureau of Entomology, called on Prof. Kincaid at Seattle and dis- 
cussed with him at length the plans for 1909. Although Kincaid 
expressed himself as charmed with Japan and anxious to repeat his 
visit to that most interesting country, his innate honesty compelled 
him to state that he considered the expense of the trip unnecessary; 
that he had found the Japanese entomologists, officials, and others 
so intelligent and so thoroughly competent, and at the same time 
