120 PARASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. 
absent in the city. Something of the same sort may be true of the 
parasites which assist in effecting the control of the gipsy moth in 
many localities in Europe where it is so uncommon as to make col- 
lection of material for exportation in any quantity impossible. Some 
of the most interesting lots of caterpillars or pupze which have been 
received were from such localities, and it may well be that there are 
parasites abroad which have not been received at the laboratory in 
Massachusetts in sufficient quantity for colonization, and which can 
never be received there until new methods for collecting and import- 
ing them are devised, but which at the same time are actually among 
the important species. This fact can only be determined definitely 
by careful study of the gipsy moth in localities where it was not 
sufficiently abundant to permit of its collection in large quantities. 
These studies, it is hoped, will be instituted in 1911, and so long as 
the gipsy moth continues to be a serious pest in America the inves- 
tigation of its parasites abroad ought to be continued. 
The ramifications of the parasite work have been so many and so 
diverse and have led so far afield, both literally and metaphorically 
speaking, as to make it practically impossible to report upon it as a 
whole as fully as would be desirable and practicable were it less 
extensive and varied. A chapter might be written upon the para- 
sitism of the gipsy moth and another upon that of the brown-tail 
moth in each of the several countries in Europe from which the 
parasite material has been imported, but it is wholly impracticable 
to do so. At the same time, now that a new phase of the work is 
being entered upon, it will not be out of place to review in some 
slight detail the results of the work which has been carried on in a 
few of the localities which, for one reason or another, may be selected 
as of more than general interest in this immediate connection, but 
which are at the same time and in another sense typical. 
PARASITISM OF THE GIPSY MOTH IN JAPAN. 
From the viewpoint of gipsy-moth parasitism Japan possesses a 
peculiar interest, because, if we are to judge from the reports of 
those who have been there and incidentally or critically studied the 
situation, the Japanese gipsy moth is pretty thoroughly controlled 
through natural agencies, and among these its parasites appear to 
rank very high. This is the more interesting and encouraging 
because the Japanese race is notably larger and at the same time 
more fecund than the European, judging from counts as made at the 
laboratory of the number of eggs in a mass. 
In 1908, after several unsuccessful attempts which had been made 
to import its parasites had served to domonstrate the futility of any 
less radical course, Prof. Trevor Kincaid, of the University of Wash- 
ington, Seattle, was delegated to spend the summer there in the 
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