EXTENT OF GIPSY-MOTH PARASITISM ABROAD. j pA! 
interests of the work. As a result numerous large shipments of 
parasite cocoons and puparia, as well as of caterpillars in various 
stages and of pupz were received at the laboratory. The condition 
of the material on receipt compared more than favorably with the 
average of similar shipments from Europe, and for the first time 
opportunity was afforded for the actual first-hand investigation of 
the parasitic fauna of the gipsy moth in Japan. 
Similar shipments were made in 1909 and 1910, with even better 
results in so far as the condition of the material on receipt was con- 
cerned, and several of the more important parasites have now been 
liberated in the field in America under conditions which are appar- 
ently ideal and which ought to encompass their introduction and 
establishment, if such a thing is possible. 
TaBLE I.—Sequence of gipsy-moth parasites in Japan. 
| £66. | LARVAL STAGES. (PUPAL STAGES. | 
SEC- 
Ze ATH | Bn 7 PUB 7) 
PIRASITES. <a! oae yes pated toc ss FIFTH 24 ae ee IDULT 
j = DAYS. nae ane ers an pe eee esl som Pe pps 
ANASTATUS PROSE SEB 
SCHEDIUS KUVANAE 
APANTELES FULVIPES 
*LIMNERIUM DISPARIS 
*METEORUS JAPONICUS 
CROSSOCOSIMIA SERICARIAL 
TACHINA JAPONICA 
*THERONIA JAPONICA 
| *AMPLA PLUTO 
| K9MPLA O/SPARIS | | 
X*PIMPLA PORTHETRIAE 
CHALCIS OBSCURATA 
| SPECIES NOT CONSIDERED TOBE OF MUCH IMPORTANCE ECONOMICALLY. = SPECIES NOT CONSIDERED TO BE OF [1UCH IMPORTANCE EC. | SPECIES NOT CONSIDERED TOBE OF MUCH IMPORTANCE ECONOMICALLY. = 
A total of 14 species of parasites has been reared from the 
imported material, of which 7 were present in sufficient abun- 
dance to indicate that they were of real importance in effecting the 
control of the moth. Two species are of such doubtful host rela- 
tionship as to have been omitted from Table I. 
Specimens of one species, Meteorus japonicus, the importance of 
which is not indicated by the examination of the imported material, 
have been sent to us by Mr. Kuwana with the statement that it is some- 
times, locally at least, a common parasite, but none for colonization 
has been received. Still another is of possible importance, judging 
from the very limited opportunity which we have had for its investi- 
gation, but none of the others is of proved worth. Since nothing is 
actually known of the conditions under which particular lots of 
