122 PARASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. 
parasite material were collected, it can not be stated as confidently 
as the circumstances render desirable that some among the others 
are not incidentally of value in keeping reduced the numbers of the 
moth in localities where it is too rare to permit of collection of mate- 
‘rial for shipment to America. 
Prof. Kincaid’s reports upon the effectiveness of the parasites, even 
when taken with more than the prescribed grain of conservatism, have 
been so consistently optimistic as to leave no room to doubt that the 
parasitism to which the moth is subjected in Japan, even in localities 
where it is more than normally prevalent, is sufficient to meet and 
overcome the rate of increase of the gipsy moth in America. 
How these parasites work together in bringing about the control 
of the moth in Japan is indicated in Table I, which, with its explana- 
tion, was published in a somewhat abbreviated form in the popular 
bulletin by the junior author which was issued through the office of 
the State forester of Massachusetts a year ago. 
The addition of the names of the species marked with an asterisk 
makes the list complete, so far as it may be completed through the 
information now available. The species so designated are those 
which have never been received in sufficient abundance to make their 
colonization possible, and among them are some which are doubtless 
of wholly insignificant importance from an economic standpoint, 
while others may, upon investigation, prove to be of more than suffi- 
cient importance to justify an attempt to secure their introduction 
into America. 
Opposite the name of each parasite, extending across a certain 
number of the vertical columns, is a dotted line. The vertical col- 
umns indicate different stages in the development and transforma- 
tions of the gipsy moth, as the egg, the caterpillar, and the pupa, and 
these are still further divided into caterpillars of different sizes and 
egos and pupe of different ages and conditions. At the head of each 
column is stated the approximate number of days during which the 
individual gipsy moth remains in that particular stage. 
The dotted line following the name of the parasite indicates those 
stages in the life of the gipsy moth during which the latter is likely 
to be attacked by the parasite in question, and it will be seen that in 
a number of instances, as, for example, Chalcis and Theronia, this 
period is exceedingly short. The solid line indicates the stages in the 
life of the gipsy moth during which it is likely to contain the parasite 
in its body. This, it may also be noted, varies considerably. Crosso- 
cosmia, for example, gains lodgment in the active caterpillar while 
it is only about half grown, and the extension of the solid line across 
all of the columns which stand for the later caterpillar stages, as well 
as for all of the pupal stages, indicates that the larvee of this parasite 
do not leave the host caterpillar until after it has transformed to a 
