EGG PARASITES OF THE GIPSY MOTH. 171 
tain in the hope that laboratory reproduction could be secured was 
soon recognized to be a mistake, and as the Anastatus continued to 
emerge considerably ahead of the time when they would obviously 
have issued under more natural conditions, it was resolved to remedy 
the evil, if possible, by placing the parasitized material in cold stor- 
age. This experiment was successful. The further 
transformations of the parasites were retarded a 
without any apparent prejudicial effects upon  yy¢ 434 nastatus bifas 
their vitality, and in July some 500 were reared — ciatus: Uterine ege. 
: : Greatly enlarged. 
and colonized in the field. (Original.) 
Coincidently with the height of their emergence 
and subsequent to its close, a considerable number of a small black 
encyrtid, later described by the senior author as Tyndarichus nave, 
issued, and all were destroyed on the supposition that they might be 
secondary. This was not by any means certain, and it was resolved to 
investigate their habits thoroughly so soon as opportunity should offer. 
Accordingly, in the fall of 1908, 
following the receipt of several con- 
siderable shipments of egg masses 
from Japan, an exhaustive investi- 
gation of the gipsy-moth egg para- 
sites was inaugurated. These in- 
vestigations were more intimately 
associated with the work upon 
Schedius, and more will be said 
of them in the discussion of that 
ee ee eeaiing. species. So far as Anastatus was 
larva. Greatly enlarged. (Original.) : m 
concerned, its life and _ probable 
habits stood revealed from the start. Almost in the beginning its 
larve were found (fig. 14) and identified correctly, as was later 
proved. They were almost invariably found in eggs which had 
been destroyed before embryonic development had taken place, 
which showed conclusively that these eggs were attacked within a 
very short time after their dep- 
osition. It was known that the 
adults did not issue until after 
the caterpillars had hatched from 
healthy eggs in the spring, and 
the fact that the species was 
single brooded, with a life cycle a 
that was correlated perfectly with Fi. 15.—Anastatus bifasciatus: Pupa from gipsy- 
that of the gipsy moth, Was as moth egg. Greatly enlarged. (Original.) 
certainly evident then as now, after two years’ observation of its 
progress in the field has given ample confirmation. 
The egg of Anastatus has not been seen after deposition, but its 
appearance before is indicated by figure 13. The full-fed larva 
