EGG PARASITES OF THE GIPSY MOTH. 177 
tion annually, and its seasonal history is closely correlated with that 
of its host. Schedius, on the contrary, will pass through a generation 
per month, so long as the temperature is sufficiently high, and its 
seasonal history is in no way correlated to that of the gipsy moth. 
It appears not to hibernate in the gipsy-moth eggs, and it is quite 
probable that an alternate host is necessary to carry it through the 
summer months after the gipsy-moth eggs have hatched in the spring, 
and before the moths begin depositing eggs for a new generation. 
At the time when the popular account of the parasite-introduction 
work was prepared for publication through the office of the Massa- 
chusetts State Forester it was considered to be much the more 
promising of the egg parasites, and its history in America was spoken 
of as one “of the most satisfactory episodes in the work of parasite 
introduction.”” The account of the first successful importation of 
living specimens as given at that time is included in the two follow- 
ing paragraphs, which are quoted verbatim. 
As long ago as the spring of 1907 a few dead adults were secured in an importation 
of gipsy-moth egg masses received during the winter from Japan, but none was living 
on receipt. During the winter next following, large intportations were made, and 
many thousands of eggs, from which some parasite had emerged, were found, but not 
a single living specimen was obtained. It was evident that it completed its trans- 
‘formations and issued in the fall, and that, if it hibernated in the eggs, it was warmed 
to activity while the packages were in transit to America, and the adult parasites 
either died or escaped en route. 
In the fall, winter, and spring of 1908-9 a large quantity of eggs of the gipsy moth 
were received from Japan, the shipments beginning early in the fall and continuing 
until nearly time for the caterpillars to hatch in the spring. The first, received in Sep- 
tember, contained hundreds, possibly thousands, of the parasites, which had issued 
from the eggs en route, and all of which, as usual, had died; not a single living individ- 
ual was received. Specimens were referred to Dr. Howard, who found that they 
represented an entirely new and hitherto undescribed species, which he named after 
Prof. Kuwana, who collected and sent the eggs from which they had issued. A single 
pair of living specimens rewarded the careful attention which was lavished upon the 
importations received later in the fall and during the winter, and it was not until 
April, 1909, that a mated pair could be secured. During that month a total of 11 
individuals issued from cages containing Japanese eggs recently received. 
These 11 individuals served as the progenitors of a numerous and 
prolific race, but the story of the investigations which were made 
_ upon the various shipments of egg masses received at the laboratory 
“from September, 1908, to April, 1909, which was not touched upon 
in an earlier account, is perhaps worthy of a place here. 
LIFE OF SCHEDIUS AND ITS RELATIONS TO OTHER EGG PARASITES, PRIMARY AND 
SECONDARY. 
Mention has already been made of the rearing of a small encyrtid 
parasite from Japanese eggs in company with Anastatus in the sum- 
mer of 1908, of the doubts which were felt as to its true character, 
95677 °—Bull. 91—11 12 
