PARASITES OF GIPSY-MOTH CATERPILLARS, 191 
that country than were either of the two species already mentioned in 
Europe. In the winter of 1909-10 a few specimens were received 
from Mr. Kuwana, together with the statement that it was common 
as a parasite of the gipsy moth in Nagaoka, but not in Tokyo in 1908. 
Attempts to import it in 1910 were unsuccessful, and it is with the 
hope of confirming its importance, at least locally, and discovering 
some method of transplanting it to America, should such confirmation 
come about, that the investigations are 
undertaken in Japan in the year 1911. 
LIMNERIUM DISPARIS VIER. 
This interesting parasite was first re- 
ceived in June, 1907, in a shipment of 
small gipsy-moth caterpillars from Kief, 
ea ela or 18 of its: peeuuar "Ss: %-—Lenneriam ‘depen: Coomm 
: Z Enlarged. (Original.) 
cocoons (fig. 29) was received in June 
and July of that year in boxes which contained only a relatively 
small number of caterpillars when sent, and its importance as a 
parasite appeared to be considerable. It seemed probable that the 
larve spinning them had issued from caterpillars in the fourth and 
fifth stages. 
The cocoons usually approach more nearly the spherical than that 
used as the type for the drawing. The walls are thin, but so dense 
as not only to be impervious 
to moisture, but to prevent 
the drying of the meconial dis- 
charge for months. 
None of the cocoons was 
hatched on receipt. A single 
male adult (fig. 30) issued from 
one of these cocoons in August. 
No more adults appearing, 
some of the cocoons were 
opened from time to time dur- 
ing the fall and found to con- 
\ tain still living adults. Since 
i ) it is known that several of the 
Fic. 30.—Limnerium disparis: Adult male. Much en- native species which spin sim- 
larged. (Original.) 
ilar cocoons actually do hiber- 
nate as adults within the cocoon, it is reasonable to suppose that the 
same is true of this. 
No adults were reared, however, and their failure to emerge appears 
to be due to the drying during the winter of the semiliquid meconial 
discharge which effectually glued the adults to the sides of the cocoon 
and prevented their further movement. 
