TACHINID PARASITES OF THE GIPSY MOTH. 233 
external characteristics were concerned, were indistinguishable from 
those of Blepharipa from Europe. None of the flies issued the 
following spring owing to the bad conditions under which the puparia 
were received, but an examination of the pups, which like those of 
Blepharipa developed adult characters in the fall, was sufficient to 
convince Mr. Townsend that the species was nothing else than 
Crossocosmia sericarie itself. 
Mr. Townsend’s determination of the species was partially con- 
firmed in the spring of 1910 when several hundred of the flies were 
reared from puparia received the previous summer. Later the same 
year, through the kindness of Dr. Kuwana, specimens of the bona 
fide “‘uji” parasites, reared from silkworms, were received at the 
laboratory. No differences whatever were discernible and the con- 
firmation appears complete. 
There was an opportunity, during the summer of 1910, to dissect 
a few of the caterpillars of dispar from Japan, and among those so 
dissected by Messrs. Thompson and Timberlake were found several 
which contained the young larve of Crossocosmia in the ganglia, 
exactly as described by Dr. Sasaki. Thus it was that his account of 
the life of the ‘‘uji’”’ was confirmed in its every particular in which 
his remarks were based upon actual observation and not in part 
upon speculation as to the significance of certain obscure phenomena. 
To Mr. Townsend, and perhaps more particularly to Mr. Thompson, 
who has devoted considerable time and performed a vast amount of 
tedious and in some instances unremunerative dissection work, is 
the credit due for thus removing all reflection upon the accuracy of 
Dr. Sasaki’s remarkable observations. 
In practically every respect, except in the location of the first-stage 
maggots in the body of their host, the life and habits of Crossocosmia 
as a parasite of the gipsy moth agree with those of Blepharipa. In 
Japan it is of about the same relative importance as a parasite as 
Blepharipa in Europe. Its habits of pupation and the difliculties 
experienced in providing for its successful hibernation are identical. 
Its value as a parasite of the gipsy moth in America depends very 
largely upon the success which attends the attempts to import and 
establish the European parasite. Should this be accomplished, as 
now appears probable, any special efforts to import Crossocosmia 
might well be deemed unnecessary. It is highly improbable that 
two species having habits so exactly similar would .be any more 
effective than one. 
But it is pretty evident that in one other and very important 
respect the habits of Blepharipa are different from those of Crosso- 
cosmia. It is apparently quite as abundant in Europe as is Crosso- 
cosmia in Japan, but even in the most important. silk-producing 
regions it is yet to be recorded as an enemy of the silkworm. It 
