PARASITES OF GIPSY-MOTH PUP. 943 
supply of host pupe. In the act of oviposition the female firmly 
grasps the active host-pupa with her powerful hind legs and resists 
all of its efforts to dislodge her. The egg has not been observed nor 
Fig. 47.—Chailcis flavipes: Full- Fig. 49.—Chalcis fla- 
grown larva from gipsy-moth Fig. 48.+Chalcis flavipes: vipes: Pupa, ventral 
pupa. Muchenlarged. (Origi- Pupa, side view. Much view. Muchenlarged. 
nal.) enlarged. (Original.) (Original.) 
the early-stage larve. The full-fed larva is quite characteristic in 
appearance, and well represented in the accompanying illustration 
(fig. 47). The pupa (figs. 48, 49) is almost invariably located in the 
Fig. 50.—Gipsy-moth pup, showing exit holes of Chalcis flavipes. 
Enlarged. (Original ) 
anterior portion of the host pupa, and the exit hole (fig. 50) of the 
adult is characteristic, being smaller than that of Pimpla or Theronia, 
and rarely at the extreme end, as is the case with the ichneumonid 
parasites. The pupal exuvium is also characteristic and, curiously 
