254 “PARASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. 
leaving the spot. The full-fed larve seek the earth and, burrowing 
well below the surface, construct a vaulted pupal cell, within which 
the final transformation takes place during the late summer or fall. 
The adult beetles remain quiescent and as a rule do not issue until 
late in the succeeding spring. 
The breeding season coincides almost exactly with the caterpillar 
season. The hibernated beetles begin egg deposition just a little 
before the caterpillars are large enough to be easily found and attacked 
by their young; the height of their activities in this direction is at a 
time when their young are best provided for, and they cease oviposi- 
tion very shortly after the gipsy moths themselves begin to deposit 
egos for anew brood. Very shortly thereafter, with summer still 
at its height, the adult beetles, both male and female, burrow deep 
into the soil and become dormant, awaiting the arrival of another 
spring. | 
The data as given above concerning the life and habits of Calosoma 
sycophanta have been accumulated by Mr. A. F. Burgess, who has 
had full charge of that part of the laboratory work which had to do 
with the predatory beetles since the late summer of 1907. Up to 
that time the pressure of other work was so great as to render impos- 
sible any systematic studies along that or similar lines. The first of 
the adult beetles of this species, together with a smaller quantity of 
another, Calosoma inquisitor L., were imported and in part liberated 
in the spring of 1906. A few were confined within the large out-of- 
door cages of the type already figured and briefly described (see PI. 
XIV), and reproduction was secured in the instance of Calosoma 
sycophanta. Neither Mr. Titus nor Mr. Mosher was able to give this 
phase of the work the attention which it really deserved, and while 
their observations were sufficient to cover most of the salient points 
in the life history of the predator, there was still an abundance of 
opportunity for further studies. 
In 1907 early and not very systematic surveys of the several field 
colonies established by Mr. Titus the year before failed to result in 
the recovery of the beetle. Accordingly, when similar experience 
with others among the introduced insects had indicated that larger 
colonies were likely to be required, it was determined to liberate all 
the adult Calosomas in one locality as they were received from abroad, 
and thus secure its establishment, if this were possible, before attempt- 
ing further artificial dispersion. This was done, and several hundred 
had been received and thus liberated by the time Mr. Burgess was 
ready to take full charge of the work. 
Although it was quite late in the season, Mr. Burgess, with the 
assistance of Mr. C. W. Collins, who has remained associated with 
him ever since, succeeded in securing the eggs and in carrying to 
maturity several larve of the species in close confinement in jars of 
