METHODS AND MATERIALS USED. 13 
strongly umbonate cones 6 to 8 inches long and about 23 inches in 
diameter. 
The other Florida species is found along the east coast of the State 
from Titusville north to St. Augustine. Its southernmost extension 
on the east coast of the State, so far as known, is about 150 miles north 
of the northernmost extension of Zamia floridana. The writer’s study 
of this plant seems to indicate that it must be referred to Zama 
pumila L.' Some doubt remains, however, in regard to this, and it 
may ultimately prove to be an undescribed form. 
In 1893 the writer first began the collection and preservation of 
Zamia material in preparation for a study of the spermatogenesis and 
embryology. The investigation can hardly be said to have com- 
menced, however, until the appearance in 1896-97 of Hirase’s and 
Ikeno’s preliminary papers announcing the occurrence of spermato- 
zoids in Ginkgo and Cycas. A study of the spermatogenesis and 
phenomena of fecundation was then commenced and carried on as 
rapidly as possible. 
It was found by experience that cones of the two species could be 
wrapped in paper and shipped a two days’ journey without noticeable 
smooth above, with scattered hairs below, 14 to 20 pairs, linear, 9 to 14 cm. long 
and 3 to 7 mm. wide, falcate and somewhat twisted, approximately erect, 10 to 16 
nerved, narrowed at base, apex obtuse, with five or six obscure dentations, margin 
revolute; mature pistillate cones, oblong, 12 to 163 em. long and 6 to 8 cm. in diam- 
eter, markedly umbonate, densely tomentose, with persistent dark brown hairs; 
peduncle ferrugineous, tomentose, short, about 10 cm. long; seed-bearing scales pel- 
tate, hexagonal, thick and somewhat hemispherical at outer end; staminate cones, 
oblong, dark brown, tomentose, about 8 cm. long and 23 cm. in diameter; peduncles 
short, 5 to 10 em. long. Very abundant in southern Florida on the east coast below 
New River (latitude about 26° 30’). Inhabits open, comparatively dry pine forests 
(fiat woods). Included in Z. integrifolia by Gray and Chapman. Not Z. integrifolia 
Jaca. 
1 Zamia pumila L. (in part). Leaves ovate, exclusive of petiole 20 to 30 cm. long; 
petiole unarmed, about 20 cm. long, triangular, sericeo-tomentose at base and with 
scattered hairs above; leaflets mostly opposite, but frequently irregularly placed, 
smooth above and with scattered hairs below, 16 to 22 pairs, linear-lanceolate, some- 
what falcate, 7 to 11 cm. long and 8 to 16 mm. wide, mostly straight, but occasion- 
ally slightly twisted, 20 to 28 nerved, narrowed at base; apex obtuse, slightly serrate, 
margin revolute; mature pistillate cones, elliptical, scarcely umbonate, 63 to 103 em. 
long by 5 to 8 cm. in diameter, densely tomentose, with ferrugineous, somewhat 
deciduous hairs; seed-bearing scales peltate, hexagonal, thin, and somewhat flat- 
tened at outer end; peduncle ferrugineous, tomentose, short, about 10 cm. long; 
staminate cones, oblong, brown, tomentose, about 8 cm. long and 23 cm. in diam- 
eter; peduncle short, about 5 to 10 cm. long. Abundant in central Florida, particu- 
larly on the east coast between latitudes 28° 30’ and 29° 30’.. Inhabits mostly dense 
moist woods (hammocks). 
Z. pumila differs mainly from Z. floridana in its shorter and broader leaflets, which 
are less twisted and not so erect and rigid, and in its shorter nonumbonate cones 
with seed-bearing scales thinner and more flattened at outer end. It, furthermore, 
is very distinct in range and character of habitat 
