84 SPERMATOGENESIS AND FECUNDATION OF ZAMIA. 
pole of the spindle. In well-stained sections the spindle fibers can be 
seen to end abruptly in a loose reticular cytoplasm, a specialized area 
of which surrounds the pole of the spindle in the locations where the 
daughter nuclei are to be organized. The radiations surrounding the 
blepharoplast still exist in this stage, but are by no means so plain and 
abundant as in earlier stages. They have no connection with the 
spindle fibers, and end in the cytoplasm before they reach the special- 
ized area of cytoplasm surrounding the spindle pole. 
-(13) In no stage have the kinoplasmic radiations of the blepharoplast 
been observed to grow in and take part in spindle formation, or in any 
way have any connection with the spindle other than that they lie in 
the line of symmetry of the cell, being naturally just outside the poles 
of the spindle. 
(14) Asdevelopment progresses the blepharoplasts break up entirely 
into numerous granules, the granules being apparently the same as 
those visible in the structure of the membrane of the blepharoplast 
in the last stage. By the time the blepharoplast has reached this 
stage the daughter nuclei have been fairly well organized. 
(15) During the formation of the cell plate by the contraction and 
metamorphosis of the spindle fibers the process of organizing the cilia- 
bearing band from the blepharoplast is in progress. At first a slight 
line can be observed protruding slightly from the mass of granules of 
the blepharoplast. This line gradually increases in length, and one 
grows out on the opposite side of the mass of granules in the same 
way. Finally this line can be observed to have a definite width, 
which gradually increases. Careful observation shows this band to 
be formed by the fusion of the granules of the blepharoplast, a fact 
first pointed out by the writer. As the band continues to grow in 
length and width the blepharoplast granules gradually disappear until 
finally allare used up. The daughter nuclei by this time have reached 
a resting condition and form the spermatid cells which later become 
metamorphosed into the spermatozoids. 
(16) A feature brought out in the writer’s studies of Zama for the 
first time is that here the entire spermatid cell is metamorphosed into 
a spermatozoid, there being no differentiation of spermatozoids inside 
of a mother cell, as was previously understood to be the case in the 
spermatogenesis of plants. 
(17) The band formed, as above described, continues to grow in 
length some time after the disappearance of the granules of the 
blepharoplast. At this time it has usually formed one turn around 
the spermatid. It is first located in the cytoplasm midway between 
the nucleus and periphery of the cell, but ultimately moves out and 
becomes appressed against the plasma membrane. It assumes the 
form of a helicoid spiral as it elongates and finally makes from five 
to six turns around the cell. Ina very early stage protuberances can 
