THE GREEN WOODPECKER. 



35 



green showing here and there, only tips and fringes of feathers 

 being yellow ; upper tail-coverts same but with more green showing ; 

 lores, line over eye, patch below eye extending to anterior portion 

 of ear-coverts and behind eye black ; rest of ear -coverts and upper 

 portion of sides of neck greenish -grey ; moustachial stripe crimson 

 surrounded with black ; chin and throat greenish-grey ; rest of 

 under-parts pale greyish-green ; lower flanks and under tail-coverts 

 barred greenish-brown ; axillaries and under wing-coverts pale 

 greenish -yellow barred dark brown ; tail-feathers dark brown with 

 inconspicuous pale bars and greenish fringes especially on central 

 pair, outermost pair with greenish tips ; primaries dark brown, 

 emarginated portions of outer webs and inner edge of inner webs 

 with whitish tooth-like marks, outer webs of inner primaries and 

 unemarginated portions of outer feathers with these markings 

 obscured by bronze-green fringes ; secondaries same but outer 

 webs bronze-green with only faint indications on outer feathers 

 of tooth-like pale marks ; primary-coverts as unemarginated 

 portions of primaries ; rest of wing-coverts bronze-green. This 

 plumage is acquired by complete moult July-Nov. Summer. — 

 A moult confined to body -feathers, and probably involving only 

 some of them as there is no appearance of heavy moult, takes place 

 Jan. -March. Plumage as winter. Abrasion frequently makes 

 mantle dull and brown. (Under-parts sometimes become much 

 discoloured by contact with trees.) 



Adult female. — -Upper -parts as male ; moustachial stripe 

 black with no crimson ; feathers of posterior portion of black 

 patch over eye often with greyish-green tips ; under-parts as male 

 but feathers of lower -breast and belly with more or less distinct 

 green or greenish-brown crescentic bars. N.B. — In some examples 

 these bars are quite distinct and in others almost obsolete. In 

 some adult males there is an indication of these bars. 



Nestling. — Down absent. Has a pad, roughened by papilla?, 

 at back of tarsal joint 

 ("heel-pad"). Promi- 

 nent, hard, rounded 

 knob on each side of 

 lower mandible near 

 its base (J. H. Gurney, 

 Zool., 1901, p. 128). 



Juvenile. Male. — 

 Crown as adult but 

 crimson tips duller and 

 smaller showing more 

 grey; mantle and 

 scapulars greyish-green 

 with whitish spots or 

 bars ; feathers of rump 



and upper tail-coverts with paler greenish -yellow tips and basal 

 vol. n. D2 



Juvenile male Green Woodpecker (Picus v. virescens). 



