THE WRYNECK. 



47 



rest of ear-coverts, lores and under eye buff, sometimes uniform, 

 sometimes barred brown-black ; apex of chin and along edges of 

 lower mandible white narrowly barred brown-black, rest of chin 

 and throat buff (varying in shade) barred same ; rest of under - 

 parts creamy-white, with brown arrow-head shaped markings 

 which are reduced to dots or entirely absent on centre of lower 

 breast and belly, sides of breast variegated with rufous and 

 brown vermiculations ; flanks usually buff and often with some 

 vermiculations and with some narrow brown-black bars as well 

 as arrow-head markings ; under tail-coverts buff with narrow dark 

 brown bars and some brown vermiculations and usually with tips 

 whiter ; axillaries and under wing-coverts buff to cream narrowly 



Primai ies of adult Wryneck (upper) and juvenile (lower), showing much 



larger 1st primary in juvenile. N.B. — flie wing-feathers in the juvenile 



specimen figured are not quite fully grown. 



barred dark brown ; tail grey vermiculated dark brown with ill- 

 defined bands of grey-brown and widely spaced irregular bars of 

 brown -black ; primaries brown, outer webs barred rufous -buff 

 and inner edges of inner webs with pale buff tooth-like marks 

 somewhat vermiculated with brown, secondaries same but bars 

 on outer webs vermiculated brown and tooth -like marks on inner 

 webs larger, more rufous and more vermiculated, innermost 

 secondaries vermiculated rufous -brown with brown-black central 

 streaks and ill-defined rufous-buff bands ; primary-coverts as 

 primaries but buff bars somewhat vermiculated brown ; rest of 

 wing-coverts rufous-brown vermiculated dark-brown with pale 

 grey or buff spots outlined with arrow-head shaped marks of brown- 

 black. This plumage is acquired by complete moult in Aug.- 

 Sept. Summer. — Another complete moult takes place Dec. -Mar. 

 New plumage as winter. 



