LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



IX 



Buffel-headed Duck, head of adult female 



Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis), head of adult male 



Harlequin-Duck (Histrionicus h. histrionicus), head of adult male 



Harlequin-Duck, head of adult female 



Harlequin-Duck, tips of tail-feathers of juvenile and adult 



Steller's Eider (Polysticta stelleri), bills of adult female and male 



Common Eider (Somateria m. mollissima), bill of adult female 



King-Eider (S. spectabilis), bill of adult female 



Common Scoter (Oidemia n. nigra), 2nd primaries of male adult and 

 juvenile 



Goosander (Mergus m. merganser), bill of adult male 



Red-breasted Merganser {Mergus serrator), head of adult female 



Smew (Mergus albellus), head of adult female 



Hooded Merganser (Mergus cucullatus), head of adult female 



Shag (Phalacrocorax g. graculus), head of adult, summer 



Gannet (Sula bassana), head of nestling 



Storm-Petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus), bill 



Leach's Fork-tailed Petrel (Oceanodroma I. leucorrhoa), and Madeiran 

 Fork-tailed Petrel (0. castro), tails 



Wilson's Petrel (Oceanites oceanicus), foot 



Frigate -Petrel (Pelagodroma m. hypoleuca), head 



Manx Shearwater (Puffinus p. puffinus), head 



Madeiran Little Shearwater (Puffinus a. baroli), head 



Mediterranean Great Shearwater (Puffinus k. kuhlii) and North Atlan- 

 tic Great Shearwater (P. k. borealis), bills 



Bulwer's Petrel (Buhveria bulwerii), bill 



Fulmar Petrel (Fulmarus g. glacialis), bill 



Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps c. cristatus) and Red-throated Diver 

 (Colymbus stellatus), feet 



Great Crested Grebe, head of first winter 



Plate 7. — Nestlings in down of : 1, Storm-Petrel (Hydrobates pelagi- 

 cus). 2, Fulmar Petrel (Fulmarus g. glacialis). 3, Wood-Pigeon 

 (Columba p. palumbus). 4, Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps c. 

 cristatus). 5, Black-necked Grebe (P. n. nigricollis). 6, Little 

 Grebe (P. r. ruficollis) . . . . . . . . . . facing 



Slavonian Grebe (P. auritus), head, winter 



Red-necked Grebe (P. g. griseigena), head, winter 



Black-necked Grebe (P. n. nigricollis), head, winter 



Little Grebe (P. r. ruficollis), head, winter 



Great Northern Diver (Colymbus immer) and White-billed Northern 

 Diver (C. adamsii), bills 



Black-throated Diver (C. a. arcticus) and Red-throated Diver (C. 

 stellatus), mantle feathers 



Wood-Pigeon (Columba p. palumbus), bill 



Stock-Dove (C. cenas) and Rock-Dove (C. I. livia), wings 



Turtle-Dove (Streptopelia t. turtur), head, adult 



Pallas 's Sand -Grouse (Syrrhaptes paradoxus), foot 



Stone -Curlew (Burhinus oz. cedicnemus), bill 



Cream-coloured Courser (Cursorius g. gallicus), head 



Pratincole (Glareola p. pratincola), head, adult 



Oyster-Catcher (Hcematopus o. ostralegus), head, adult 



Dotterel (Charadrius morinellus), head 



Plate 8. — Nestlings of : 1, Ringed Plover (Charadrius h. hiaticula). 

 2, Kentish Plover (Ch. a. alexandrinus). 3, Lapwing (Vanellus 

 vanellus). 4, Oyster-Catcher (Hcematopus o. ostralegus). 5, Stone- 

 Curlew (Burhinus oe. cedicnemus) . . . . . . . . facing 



Ringed Plover (Ch. h. hiaticula), head, female adult, summer 



Ringed Plover and Little Ringed Plover (Ch. d. curonicus), outer 

 primaries 



Kentish Plover (Ch. a. alexandrinus), tail 



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