Vlll LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



PAGE 

 Rough-legged Buzzard (Buteo I. lagopus) and Common Buzzard (B. b. 



buteo), feet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 



Rough-legged Buzzard, from below (diagrammatic sketch by H. M. 



Wallis) . . . . 140 



Plate 4. — 1, Peregrine Falcon (Falco p. peregrinus). 2, Kestrel (F. t. 

 tinnunculus). 3, Merlin (F. c. cesalon). 4, Common Buzzard 

 {Buteo b. buteo). 5, Montagu's Harrier (Circus pygargus). 6, 



Sparrow-Hawk (Accipiter n. nisus) . . . . . . . . facing 144 



Marsh-Harrier (C. aeruginosus), in flight (diagrammatic sketch by 



H. M. Wallis) . . 149 



Montagu's Harrier (C. pygargus) and Hen-Harrier (C. c. cyaneus), wing- 

 formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 



Hen-Harrier, facial ruff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 



Hen-Harrier, in flight (diagrammatic sketch by H. M. Wallis) . . 157 



Goshawk (Accipiter g. gentilis), head of adult . . . . . . . . 158 



Kite (Milvus m. milvus), from below (sketch by F. C. R. Jourdain) . . 168 



Honey-Buzzard (Pernis a. apivorus), head . . . . . . . . 175 



Honey-Buzzard in flight (diagrammatic sketch by H. M. Wallis) . . 177 



Osprey (Pandion h. halicetus), head and middle toe . . . . . . 179 



Griff on- Vulture (Gyps f. fulvus) from below (diagrammatic sketch by 



H. M. Wallis) 183 



Egyptian Vulture (Neophron p. percnopterus), in flight (diagrammatic 



sketch by H. M. Wallis) 186 



Spoonbill (Platalea I. leucorodia), bill of adult . . . . . . . . 193 



Glossy Ibis (Plegadis f. falci?iellus), head of adult .. .. .. 195 



Common Heron (Ardea c. cinerea), head of nestling . . . . . . 199 



Common Heron, middle toe and claw . . . . . . . . . . 200 



Little Egret (Egretta g. garzetta), scapular plume of adult, summer . . 206 



Buff -backed Heron (Ardeola i. ibis), head of adult, summer . . . . 208 



Squacco Heron (Ardeola ralloides), head of adult, summer . . . . 210 



Night -Heron (Nycticorax n. nycticorax), head of juvenile . . . . 212 



Little Bittern (Ixobrychus m. minutus), wing of adult male . . . . 215 



Bittern (Botaurus s. stellaris), head .. .. .. .. .. 218 



Grey Lag-Goose (Anser anser) and Mallard (Anas p. platyrhyncha), 



tarsi . . 225 



Grey Lag-Goose (A. anser), greater wing-coverts of juvenile and adult 234 

 Plate 5. — Heads of 1, Whooper Swan (Cygnus cygnus). 2, Bewick's 

 Swan (C. b. bewickii). 3, Grey Lag-Goose (A user anser). 4, White- 

 fronted Goose (A. albifrons). 5, Lesser White-fronted Goose 

 (A. erythropus).. 6, Bean-Goose (.4. /. fabalis). 7, Pink-footed 

 Goose (A. brachyrhynchus). 8, Brent Goose (Branta b. bernicla). 



9, Barnacle -Goose (B. leucopsis) . . . . . . . . facing 240 



Sheld-Duck (Tadorna tadorna), bill of male adult . . . . . . 259 



Ruddy Sheld-Duck (Casarca ferruginea), bill of male adult .. .. 263 



Mallard (Anas p. platyrhyncha) and Common Pochard (Nyroca f. 



ferina), hind toes . . . . . . . . . . . . • • 266- 



Mallard, tail-feathers of adult and juvenile . . . . . . . . 270 



Plate 6. — Wing-coverts and specula of 1, Mallard (Anas p. platyrhyn- 

 cha). 2, Teal (A. c. crecca). 3, American Blue-winged Teal 

 (A. discors). 4, Wigeon (A. penelope). 5, Shoveler (Spatula 

 clypeata). 6, Garganey (A. querquedula). 7, Gadwall (A. strepera). 



8, American Wigeon (^4. americana). 9, Pintail (^4. acuta) facing 280 



Shoveler, bill 304 



Common Pochard (Nyroca f. ferina), bill of adult male . . . . 313 



Tufted Duck (Nyroca fuligula), bill of adult male . . . . . . 321 



Scaup-Duck (N. m. marila), bill of adult male . . . . . . . . 325 



Scaup-Duck, bill of adult female . . . . . . . . . . • • 326 



Goldeneye (Bucephala c. clangula), bill of adult male . . . . • • 331 



Goldeneye, bill of adult female . . . . . . . . . • • • 332 



Buffel-headed Duck (B. albeola), head of adult male . . . . • . 336 



