102 A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



scapulars dark slate-brown with blackish shafts and barred pale bluish- 

 slate ; back, rump and upper tail -coverts paler slate-blue with black- 

 brown shaft-streaks and brown-slate bars ; ear-coverts and cheeks 

 dark brown streaked white, sometimes with ill-defined moustachial 

 stripe ; chin white ; throat and upper-breast white, feathers with 

 drop-like streaks of dark brown ; lower-breast and belly with 

 larger dark brown spots ; flanks, axillaries and under wing-coverts 

 white broadly barred dark slate-brown ; under tail-coverts same 

 but bars considerably narrower ; tail slate-grey, slightly mottled 

 brown and closely barred brown, narrowly tipped dull white ; 

 outer primaries dark brown, outer webs mottled dull white and 

 inner webs with comb-like barring of dull white more or less mottled 

 brown, inner primaries and secondaries barred slate, mottled with 

 brown ; wing-coverts as mantle. Only moulting adults examined 

 were dated April and May and in these inner primaries were partially 

 grown but there was no body -moult. 



Nestling. — Down white with a slight creamy tinge, rather 

 short covering bird well on upper -parts, but thinly on sides of 

 belly and bare patch at base of sides of neck. (Only a very young 

 bird examined.) 



Juvenile. — Crown dark brown with more or less bumsh-white 

 edgings to feathers, occasionally all over but usually confined to 

 sides of crown ; nape with more white as in adult ; upper mantle 

 usually uniform dark brown, rest of mantle and scapulars dark 

 brown, feathers with brownish-white edgings and spots ; back, 

 rump and upper tail-coverts with rather larger spots and 

 edgings, often forming bars on upper tail-coverts ; chin white, 

 streaked dark brown ; rest of under-parts very widely streaked 

 dark brown, feathers of flanks mostly dark brown with white 

 edgings and spots ; under tail-coverts less widely streaked 

 usually with dark brown spots and shaft-streaks ; axillaries and 

 under wing-coverts dark brown edged with large white spots and 

 streaks ; tail dark brown with dull buffish incomplete bars, paler 

 and more distinct on inner webs of all feathers except central pair, 

 tips of feathers whiter ; primaries dark brown with a few buff spots 

 on outer webs and comb-like buff bars on inner webs, inner 

 primaries and secondaries more spotted on outer webs and with 

 comb-like bars on inner incomplete and much mottled ; wing- 

 coverts dark brown spotted with brownish-white or buff on edges 

 as scapulars. Some have no light spots on mantle, scapulars and 

 wing coverts and are much darker on under-parts. 



First winter. — Like juvenile. First summer. — No juvenile 

 examples in actual moult have been examined, but moult is 

 probably like that of Iceland Falcon. 



Measurements and structure. — <$ wing 350-372 mm., tail 

 195-215, tarsus 50-61, bill from cere {see vol. 1, p. *xm) 23-24 

 (4 adults measured). $ wing 385-402, bill 25-27 (7 adults 

 measured). Primaries : 2nd longest, 1st 19-25 mm. shorter, 



