THE FLAMINGO. 223 



and Phoenicoparrus upper mandible is enclosed between rami of 

 lower one, though I should unite the three genera), chin bare, and a 

 small hind-toe present. 



PHCENICOPTERUS RUBER* 



284. Phaenicopterus ruber antiquorum Temm. — THE FLAMINGO. 



Phcenicopterus antiquorum Temminck, Man. d'Orn. 2nd ed. 11, p. 587 

 (1820— Europe). 



Phaenicopterus roseus Pallas, Yarrell, iv, p. 244 ; Saunders, p. 395 ; 

 Hand-List, p. 126 (1912). 



Description. — Adult male and female. Winter. — Whole body- 

 plumage white with more or less pink tinge, stronger when newly 

 moulted than when worn but varying individually ; lower scapulars 

 pale pink ; axillaries and under wing-coverts rose-pink usually 

 bright, lowest series of under wing-coverts black ; tail-feathers pale 

 pink but inner webs often white ; primaries and secondaries black 

 but innermost secondaries as primary-coverts rose-pink ; rest of 

 wing-coverts bright rose-pink varying somewhat in intensity. This 

 plumage is acquired by complete moult July-Nov. or Dec. Summer. 

 — A moult involving body-feathers and occasionally some inner 

 greater and median wing-coverts, but not rest of wing-coverts, nor 

 wing- or tail-feathers, takes place Jan.-May. Coloration as winter. 



Nestling. — Down white, tinged pale grey on upper-parts, short, 

 rather " woolly " and closely covering whole bird but loral region 

 bare. This down is entirely replaced not by feathers but by a 

 darker grey down which appears to be under-down of juvenile 

 plumage. Bill not bent but tip flattened and depressed. 



Juvenile. — Head and neck grey-brown, feathers tipped white 

 giving a somewhat speckled appearance ; mantle and scapulars 

 brown, feathers edged white and shafts dark brown ; back and 

 rump white, feathers with dark brown shafts widening to wedge- 

 shaped tips ; upper tail-coverts white ; under-parts white, varying 

 number of feathers especially on sides and flanks with fine brown 

 shaft-streaks ; axillaries rose-pink varying in depth, tips of shafts 

 brown and tips of feathers edged brown ; under wing-coverts white 

 to rose-pink with brown shafts and often brown wedge-shaped 

 tips, lowest series brown edged hoary ; tail-feathers white, some- 

 times edged brown and sometimes tinged pink ; wing-feathers 

 black-brown, inner webs edged brownish- white and of inner 

 secondaries edged white ; primary-coverts white to pale pink with 

 long brown tips and brown shafts ; greater coverts white (outer 

 ones sometimes tinged pink) with dark brown shafts and tips ; 

 median brown with dark brown shaft-streaks and white bases, 

 but amount of white varies and sometimes brown is confined to 

 tips of feathers ; lesser as median but paler and less brown (often 

 confined to median streak) and often tinged pink. 



* For explanation of change of name, see B.O.TJ. List, p. 385 (1915), anl 

 Brit. B., ix, p. 6. 



