THE BARNACLE-GOOSE. 253 



primaries black or brown-black, outer, and sometimes inner, webs 

 ash-grey on basal two-thirds ; secondaries brown-black, outer and 

 inner webs towards base ash-grey, innermost as scapulars ; primary- 

 coverts and bastard-wing ash-grey darker on inner webs and at 

 tips ; rest of wing-coverts ash-grey with broad subterminal bands 

 of black or brown-black and broadly tipped white, lesser and some 

 median coverts sometimes with black subterminal bands more or 

 less concealing grey bases. This plumage is acquired by complete 

 moult July to Dec. ; as in other geese remiges appear to be three- 

 quarters grown before body and tail moult commences in earnest. 

 Summer. — One (<£ 16.4.04, coll. E. L. Schioler) was moulting some 

 feathers of neck, upper-mantle and sides of face. No other spring 

 material examined. Coloration as in winter. 



Nestling. — (Not examined.) 



Juvenile. — Neck, upper-mantle and upper-breast dull grey- 

 black, grey bases of feathers imperfectly concealed ; rest of mantle 

 brown-black (not black as adult), feathers with imperfectly con- 

 cealed grey bases and tipped brownish-white ; scapulars ash-grey, 

 ash-brown towards brownish-white tips and without broad sub- 

 terminal black-brown bands as in adult ; some upper tail-coverts 

 faintly tipped dusky-brown ; sides of body and flanks very pale 

 ash-brown shading to white, not ash-grey with a sub-terminal 

 bar of dusky-brown and tipped white as in adult ; remaining 

 under -parts and tail as in adult ; wing as in adult but greater, 

 and median coverts with subterminal bands of black-brown or 

 dark sepia (instead of brown-black or black) and narrowly tipped 

 brown or brownish-white (not white as in adult) ; lesser coverts as 

 in adult, but white tips in some absent and subterminal bands 

 paler and browner. Feathers of mantle, scapulars and under-parts 

 smaller and narrower than in adult ; and tail-feathers, secondaries, 

 greater and median coverts narrower. 



First winter and summer. — Like adult, but easily distinguished 

 by retained juvenile greater and median coverts which besides 

 being narrower and more worn are not broadly tipped white 

 as in adult, but at most have brown or brownish-white tips, 

 subterminal bands brown instead of brown-black or black as in 

 adult ; tail-feathers and secondaries narrower. Most of the juvenile 

 body -feathers, not back, rump or apparently tail-coverts and not 

 tail or wings in specimens examined, in some an odd median covert, 

 are moulted in autumn and winter. In most (all?) examples many 

 juvenile feathers are retained so that black areas of upper- and 

 under-parts appear browner than in adult. 



Measurements and structure. — <J wing 385-420 mm., tail 119— 

 140, tarsus 63-74, bill from feathers 27-32 (12 measured). <j> wing 

 385^17, bill 28-31 (10 measured). Primaries : 1st narrow, pointed 

 and about half longest primary-covert, 3rd longest, 2nd as long or 

 5-16 mm. shorter, 4th 5-12 shorter, 5th 33-48 shorter, 6th 63-79 

 shorter. Longest innermost secondaries above 6th primary. Upper 

 tail-coverts extend to half and under tail-coverte to three-fourths 



