THE PINTAIL. 301 



back, rump, upper tail-coverts and new tail-feathers usually more 

 broadly margined and barred with deeper buff, new innermost 

 secondaries broadly edged and irregularly streaked pink-buff or 

 pink-cinnamon. 



Nestling. — Pattern of upper-parts similar to nestling Mallard 

 but upper-parts light sepia, down-filaments tinged cream-buff and 

 yellow markings replaced by white ; patch on either side of centre 

 of back sometimes continued into an elongated streak towards 

 rump ; eye-stripe white, and sometimes continuous with white 

 streak down side of nape to breast ; line through eye to nape light 

 sepia, ill-defined bordering nape ; cheeks below eye white with an 

 irregular patch of light sepia ; under -parts greyish -white, fore -neck 

 suffused cinnamon-buff or greyish-buff. 



Juvenile. Male. — Like eclipse female but upper-parts darker, 

 feathers of mantle barred cream and without pink-buff edgings and 

 markings and under-parts heavily streaked or spotted dusky- 

 brown. Crown as adult female ; nape light buff narrowly streaked 

 dusky ; rest of upper-parts black-brown, feathers edged cream and 

 mostly with transverse or V-shaped cream bars, scapulars with ir- 

 regular buff streaks and bars, barrings and edgings of back and rump 

 sometimes ill -de fined; rest of head and neck as adult female but cheeks 

 and sides of neck paler buff ; breast, belly and vent cream or buff 

 heavily streaked or spotted dusky-brown ; sides of body and flanks 

 black-brown or sepia, feathers edged, barred and with irregular 

 spottings and markings of white or cream, sometimes intermixed 

 with white feathers coarsely vermiculated dusky-brown ; under tail- 

 coverts white, marked and spotted sepia ; tail-feathers dark sepia 

 edged cream and more or less irregularly barred and streaked 

 same ; wing as adult male but white tips to secondaries and cinna- 

 mon tips to greater coverts narrower and innermost secondaries 

 olive-brown or black-brown, paler on outer webs, which in some 

 are mouse -grey and narrowly edged cream, some with a mouse - 

 grey shaft-streak, one bordering speculum as in adult but shorter 

 and usually more broadly tipped white ; innermost greater coverts 

 sepia with light buff edges ; median and lesser coverts usually 

 browner mouse -grey than in adult and usually narrowly edged 

 cream or light buff, inner median coverts in some with a wavy 

 cream bar. N.B. — There is also a type of juvenile with mantle 

 partly vermiculated white as well as barred. Female. — As male 

 but wing as adult female ; innermost secondaries plainer than in 

 adult female and without buff markings (in some darker, black - 

 brown rather than sepia) narrowly edged white and in some irregu- 

 larly marked same. 



First winter and summer. Male. — As adult male and only to 

 be distinguished by some juvenile feathers of back and rump which 

 are often retained, shorter central tail-feathers and retained 

 juvenile wing-coverts. The juvenile body-feathers, not always 

 back and rump (which are sometimes incompletely moulted), tail 

 (in some outer tail-feathers are retained), all innermost secondaries 



