326 A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK OF BRITISH BIRDS. 



white with broad black tips glossed green and usually more or less 

 vermiculated white, inner ones with inner webs dusky or black- 

 brown, innermost black-brown glossed dull green usually speckled 

 or vermiculated white ; primary- coverts, bastard-wing and greater 

 coverts black-brown, in some speckled white at tip, greater coverts 

 glossed dull green ; rest of wing-coverts dusky-brown or brown- 

 black glossed dull green and more or less speckled or vermiculated 

 white, amount of vermiculation varying individually. This plumage 

 is acquired by a body-moult also innermost secondaries Sept. to 

 Dec. or even Feb. 



Adult male. Eclipse. — The body-feathers (back and rump ?) 

 and innermost secondaries are first moulted followed by wings and 

 tail July to Sept. Resembles adult female but easily distinguished 

 by more heavily vermiculated upper-parts and absence of pure 

 white face band. Fore -head, lores and chin whitish, some feathers 

 tipped black ; head and neck all round black- brown glossed dull 

 greenish- black on cheeks and sides of neck, feathers with ashy- 

 white bases ill-concealed on sides of neck ; nape in some cinnamon- 

 brown ; upper-mantle dusky-black, feathers edged cinnamon- 

 brown and more or less speckled or vermiculated greyish-white, 

 sometimes tipped and vermiculated light auburn ; mantle and 

 scapulars black- brown or black coarsely vermiculated white ; lower - 

 neck dusky-black or black, feathers fringed yellowish -white ; upper- 

 breast dusky- black or black, feathers broadly fringed white (some- 

 times speckled with white towards tip and sometimes with sub- 

 terminal cinnamon-brown shading) ; sides of body and flanks white 

 or dusky-white vermiculated drab and usually intermixed with 

 drab -brown feathers with or without white vermiculations and 

 specklings ; feathers of lower-belly suffused pale ash-brown, some 



vermiculated same ; vent 

 as in adult female ; under 

 tail -coverts white vermicu- 

 lated black, some tipped 

 black ; remaining under - 

 parts, tail and wings as 

 adult winter-summer. 



Adult female. Winter. — 

 Broad band at base of bill 

 white, in some ill-defined 

 on chin and white only at 

 extreme point ; crown and 

 nape black- brown, feathers 

 more or less edged cinna- 

 Tuescaup-Duck. Adult female. mon-brown crown where 



bordering white fore -head intermixed with black feathers ; 

 upper-mantle cinnamon-brown, sometimes faintly speckled white ; 

 mantle and scapulars sepia or brown-black, feathers coarsely 

 vermiculated white distaliy ; back and rump as in male ; upper 

 tail-coverts sepia tipped cinnamon-brown or buff-brown ; cheeks, 



