THE SCAUP-DUCK. 327 



sides of neck, throat and fore-neck cinnamon -brown, feathers mostly- 

 tipped black, in some these areas black-brown ; throat and sides of 

 neck sometimes glossed greenish and with white bases of feathers 

 usually only partially concealed on auricles and often ill-concealed 

 on throat and fore-neck ; feathers of lower-neck and breast dusky- 

 brown darker towards tip shading into cinnamon -brown, in some 

 with narrow white edges ; feathers of lower-breast broadly edged 

 white ; sides of body and flanks light cinnamon-brown, feathers ver- 

 miculated white towards tip ; centre of breast and belly white ; vent 

 sooty-brown, some feathers vermiculated whitish ; under tail- 

 coverts white more or less vermiculated dusky-brown, some tipped 

 blackish ; tail and wing as male but innermost secondaries without 

 vermiculations, at most slightly speckled white towards tip ; wing* 

 coverts less, and more finely, vermiculated than in male. This 

 plumage is acquired by complete moult Aug. to Dec. 



Adult female. Summer. — The body-feathers are apparently 

 completely moulted April and May but very little material has been 

 examined. Coloration as winter but feathers of crown and nape 

 cinnamon -brown with blackish -brown bases, in some ill-concealed 

 on crown ; upper-mantle as winter, rest of mantle and scapulars 

 cinnamon-brown or warm sepia, feathers tipped buff-brown, in 

 some vermiculated whitish at tip ; on auricular region whitish 

 patch ; throat sooty-brown or pale cinnamon-brown, feathers with 

 ill-concealed whitish bases ; upper-breast as winter ; sides of body 

 and flanks light cinnamon-brown, feathers tipped buff-brown ; rest 

 of breast and belly and vent as winter but in some intermixed (most 

 plentifully on lower-belly and vent) with dusky or sooty-brown 

 feathers, tipped buff or whitish ; under tail -coverts in some more 

 or less uniform sooty-brown tipped buff-brown ; tail and wings as 

 winter. 



Nestling. — Like that of Common Pochard but upper-parts 

 usually lighter, being olive -brown with no light patches ; in some 

 an ill-defined yellow-brown patch on side of back ; cheeks yellow- 

 buff (in some suffused brownish) ; remaining under-parts light 

 cream-yellow ; upper-breast suffused yellow-buff ; sides of body, 

 vent and uropygial tuft suffused brown. 



Juvenile. Male. — Resembling adult winter female but white 

 band at base of bill narrower, often absent on fore -head and ill- 

 defined on chin, in some intermixed with brown feathers ; nape 

 sepia ; lower-neck and upper-mantle sepia speckled white ; centre 

 of mantle as in adult female but less, and more coarsely, vermicu- 

 lated ; scapulars sepia or black-brown tipped buff-brown, some 

 coarsely vermiculated white towards tip ; rest of upper -parts as 

 adult female ; under-parts as adult female but cheeks, sides of neck, 

 throat and fore-neck lighter cinnamon-brown, neck and upper- 

 breast in some darker ; sides of body and flanks buff-brown, feathers 

 with lighter tips, those of lower-flanks more or less speckled or ver- 

 miculated white; belly white; feathers of lower-belly and vent 

 dusky- brown (darker on vent) mostly with narrow white tips 



